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About this book

Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 25

1 These also are proverbs of Solomon, which the men of King Hezekiah of Judah copied: 2 It is the glory of God to conceal a matter, and it is the glory of a king to search out a matter.⁠ 3 As the heaven is high and the earth is deep so the hearts of kings are unsearchable. 4 Remove the dross from the silver, and material for the silversmith will emerge; 5 remove the wicked from before the king, and his throne will be established in righteousness. 6 Do not honor yourself before the king, and do not stand in the place of great men;⁠ 7 for it is better for him to say to you, “Come up here,” than to put you lower before a prince, whom your eyes have seen. 8 Do not go out hastily to litigation, or what will you do afterward when your neighbor puts you to shame?⁠ 9 When you argue a case with your neighbor, do not reveal the secret of another person, 10 lest the one who hears it put you to shame and your infamy will never go away. 11 Like apples of gold in settings of silver, so is a word skillfully spoken.⁠ 12 Like an earring of gold and an ornament of fine gold, so is a wise reprover to the ear of the one who listens. 13 Like the cold of snow in the time of harvest, so is a faithful messenger to those who send him, for he refreshes the heart of his masters. 14 Like cloudy skies and wind that produce no rain, so is the one who boasts of a gift not given.⁠ 15 Through patience a ruler can be persuaded, and a soft tongue can break a bone. 16 You have found honey—eat only what is sufficient for you, lest you become stuffed with it and vomit it up. 17 Don’t set foot too frequently in your neighbor’s house, lest he become weary of you and hate you. 18 Like a club or a sword or a sharp arrow, so is the one who testifies against his neighbor as a false witness. 19 Like a bad tooth or a foot out of joint, so is confidence in an unfaithful person at the time of trouble. 20 Like one who takes off a garment on a cold day or like vinegar poured on soda, so is one who sings songs to a heavy heart. 21 If your enemy is hungry, give him food to eat, and if he is thirsty, give him water to drink,⁠ 22 for you will heap coals of fire on his head, and the Lord will reward you. 23 The north wind brings forth rain,⁠ and a gossiping tongue brings forth an angry look. 24 It is better to live on a corner of the housetop than in a house in company with a quarrelsome wife. 25 Like cold water to a weary person, so is good news from a distant land. 26 Like a muddied spring and a polluted well, so is a righteous person who gives way before the wicked. 27 It is not good to eat too much honey, nor is it honorable for people to seek their own glory. 28 Like a city that is broken down and without a wall, so is a person who cannot control his temper.

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 25:21 and Matthew 5:44

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Jesus’ teaching in Matthew to love your enemies echoes Proverbs, which teaches to give food and drink to your enemy. Matthew describes Jesus following this principle to teach compassion rather than revenge.

Passages

Proverbs 25:21

Hebrew Bible
20 Like one who takes off a garment on a cold day or like vinegar poured on soda, so is one who sings songs to a heavy heart. 21 If your enemy is hungry, give him food to eat, and if he is thirsty, give him water to drink, 22 for you will heap coals of fire on his head, and the Lord will reward you. 23 The north wind brings forth rain, and a gossiping tongue brings forth an angry look. 24 It is better to live on a corner of the housetop than in a house in company with a quarrelsome wife. 25 Like cold water to a weary person, so is good news from a distant land.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Matthew 5:44

New Testament
43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor’ and ‘hate your enemy.’ 44 But I say to you, love your enemy and pray for those who persecute you, 45 so that you may be like your Father in heaven, since he causes the sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous. 46 For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Even the tax collectors do the same, don’t they? 47 And if you only greet your brothers, what more do you do? Even the Gentiles do the same, don’t they? 48 So then, be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... In a temple setting, the petitioner relinquishes to God the task of judging one’s enemies. The Psalms often supplicate the Lord to deal with enemies of righteousness. Almost half of the Psalms mention enemies, making them a very common issue addressed in the Temple. The Lord smites them, turns them back, and cuts them off; vengeance is the Lord’s, as the Psalms frequently say (Psalms 58:10; 94:1; 99:8; 149:7)—a sentiment reflected by Paul: “Repay no one evil for evil, but take thought for what is noble in the sight of all ... Never avenge yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of God” (Romans 12:17, 19). Some texts rather grimly encouraged people to be nice to their enemies in order to heap coals of God’s wrath upon their heads (Proverbs 25:21–2), but there is no reason to believe that any such maliciously motivated kindness would influence how God might choose to impose his judgment. Rather, the only purpose of praying for one’s enemies would be to show love, hoping that they will repent or be spared long enough in order to repent. The antithetical actions of taking vengeance and bearing a grudge are the opposite of love, and thus the full verse in Leviticus 19, upon which this entire section of the Sermon on the Mount is based ..."
John W. Welch, The Sermon on the Mount in the Light of the Temple, SOTSMS (Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2009), 110.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 25:21 and Matthew 5:44

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