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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 23

1 When you sit down to eat with a ruler, consider carefully what is before you, 2 and put a knife to your throat if you possess a large appetite. 3 Do not crave that ruler’s delicacies, for that food is deceptive. 4 Do not wear yourself out to become rich;⁠ be wise enough to restrain yourself. 5 When you gaze upon riches, they are gone, for they surely make wings for themselves and fly off into the sky like an eagle! 6 Do not eat the food of a stingy person, do not crave his delicacies;⁠ 7 for he is like someone who has calculated the cost in his mind. “Eat and drink,” he says to you, but his heart is not with you; 8 you will vomit up the little bit you have eaten and will have wasted your pleasant words. 9 Do not speak in the ears of a fool, for he will despise the wisdom of your words.⁠ 10 Do not move an ancient boundary stone or take over the fields of the fatherless,⁠ 11 for their Protector is strong; he will plead their case against you. 12 Apply your heart to instruction and your ears to the words of knowledge. 13 Do not withhold discipline from a child; even if you strike him with the rod, he will not die. 14 If you strike him with the rod, you will deliver him from death. 15 My child, if your heart is wise, then my heart also will be glad; 16 my kidneys27 will rejoice when your lips speak what is right.⁠ 17 Do not let your heart envy sinners, but rather be zealous in fearing the Lord all the time. 18 For surely there is a future, and your hope will not be cut off. 19 Listen, my child, and be wise, and guide your heart on the right way. 20 Do not spend time among drunkards, among those who eat too much meat, 21 because drunkards and gluttons become impoverished, and drowsiness clothes them with rags. 22 Listen to your father who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old. 23 Acquire truth and do not sell it—wisdom, and discipline, and understanding. 24 The father of a righteous person will rejoice greatly; whoever fathers a wise child will have joy in him. 25 May your father and your mother have joy; may she who bore you rejoice. 26 Give me your heart, my son, and let your eyes observe my ways; 27 for a prostitute is like a deep pit;⁠ a harlot is like a narrow well. 28 Indeed, she lies in wait like a robber and increases the unfaithful among men. 29 Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has contentions? Who has complaints? Who has wounds without cause? Who has dullness of the eyes? 30 Those who linger over wine, those who go looking for mixed wine. 31 Do not look on the wine when it is red, when it sparkles in the cup, when it goes down smoothly. 32 Afterward it bites like a snake and stings like a viper. 33 Your eyes will see strange things, and your mind will speak perverse things. 34 And you will be like one who lies down in the midst of the sea, and like one who lies down on the top of the rigging. 35 You will say, “They have struck me, but I am not harmed! They beat me, but I did not know it! When will I awake? I will look for another drink.”

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.96:2 and Proverbs 23:6

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Proverbs 23 shares an Ugaritic incantation's fear of the evil eye, where the eye devours even a brother's flesh and blood, warning that a stingy host's invitation can hide hostility.

Passages

KTU 1.96:2

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
The eye goes and […] It sees its brother, how fair its brother is […] how handsome. It devours his flesh without a sword, it drinks his blood without a cup. It turns back the eye of the sorcerer, the eye of the sorceress, it turns back the eye of the warrior, the eye of the assembly, the eye of the gatekeeper. The eye of the gatekeeper to the gatekeeper let it return. The eye of the assembly to the assembly let it return. The eye of the warrior to the warrior let it return. The eye of the sorcerer to the sorcerer let it return. The eye of the [sorceress] to the sorceress let it [return] […]
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Proverbs 23:6

Hebrew Bible
5 When you gaze upon riches, they are gone, for they surely make wings for themselves and fly off into the sky like an eagle! 6 Do not eat the food of a stingy person, do not crave his delicacies; 7 for he is like someone who has calculated the cost in his mind. “Eat and drink,” he says to you, but his heart is not with you; 8 you will vomit up the little bit you have eaten and will have wasted your pleasant words. 9 Do not speak in the ears of a fool, for he will despise the wisdom of your words. 10 Do not move an ancient boundary stone or take over the fields of the fatherless, 11 for their Protector is strong; he will plead their case against you. 12 Apply your heart to instruction and your ears to the words of knowledge.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

References

“... The “Eye” of line one (‘nn) stands as a synecdoche for the entire Evil-Eyed person, as lines 2–12 make clear. This same pars pro toto usage appears in other Mesopotamian incantations and also in later biblical Evil Eye texts as well (Prov 23:6 [HT]; Sir 14:10). The Evil Eye/Evil-Eyed person can strike not only external enemies but also a “brother,” a member of one’s own social group. This is a theme also found in Greek and Roman sources and numerous biblical Evil Eye texts (Deut 15:7–11; 28:54–57; Sir 14:8; Tob 4:5–19; Matt 6:22–23/Luke 11:34–35; Matt 20:1–15). The “loveliness” of the brother is thought to attract the attention of the Evil Eye (lines 2–3). This notion that beauty and handsomeness arouse an Evil Eye remains for centuries a regular feature of the Evil Eye belief complex. The damage caused by the Evil Eye here is gruesome: the devouring of a neighbor’s flesh and blood. Deuteronomy 28:54–57 presents an equally gruesome biblical scenario involving the devouring of placenta by the Evil-Eyed husband and Evil-Eyed wife. ...”
John Hall Elliott, Beware the Evil Eye: The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World, Volume 1: Introduction, Mesopotamia, and Egypt (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2015), PDF 84.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.96:2 and Proverbs 23:6

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