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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 23

1 When you sit down to eat with a ruler, consider carefully what is before you, 2 and put a knife to your throat if you possess a large appetite. 3 Do not crave that ruler’s delicacies, for that food is deceptive. 4 Do not wear yourself out to become rich;⁠ be wise enough to restrain yourself. 5 When you gaze upon riches, they are gone, for they surely make wings for themselves and fly off into the sky like an eagle! 6 Do not eat the food of a stingy person, do not crave his delicacies;⁠ 7 for he is like someone who has calculated the cost in his mind. “Eat and drink,” he says to you, but his heart is not with you; 8 you will vomit up the little bit you have eaten and will have wasted your pleasant words. 9 Do not speak in the ears of a fool, for he will despise the wisdom of your words.⁠ 10 Do not move an ancient boundary stone or take over the fields of the fatherless,⁠ 11 for their Protector is strong; he will plead their case against you. 12 Apply your heart to instruction and your ears to the words of knowledge. 13 Do not withhold discipline from a child; even if you strike him with the rod, he will not die. 14 If you strike him with the rod, you will deliver him from death. 15 My child, if your heart is wise, then my heart also will be glad; 16 my kidneys27 will rejoice when your lips speak what is right.⁠ 17 Do not let your heart envy sinners, but rather be zealous in fearing the Lord all the time. 18 For surely there is a future, and your hope will not be cut off. 19 Listen, my child, and be wise, and guide your heart on the right way. 20 Do not spend time among drunkards, among those who eat too much meat, 21 because drunkards and gluttons become impoverished, and drowsiness clothes them with rags. 22 Listen to your father who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old. 23 Acquire truth and do not sell it—wisdom, and discipline, and understanding. 24 The father of a righteous person will rejoice greatly; whoever fathers a wise child will have joy in him. 25 May your father and your mother have joy; may she who bore you rejoice. 26 Give me your heart, my son, and let your eyes observe my ways; 27 for a prostitute is like a deep pit;⁠ a harlot is like a narrow well. 28 Indeed, she lies in wait like a robber and increases the unfaithful among men. 29 Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has contentions? Who has complaints? Who has wounds without cause? Who has dullness of the eyes? 30 Those who linger over wine, those who go looking for mixed wine. 31 Do not look on the wine when it is red, when it sparkles in the cup, when it goes down smoothly. 32 Afterward it bites like a snake and stings like a viper. 33 Your eyes will see strange things, and your mind will speak perverse things. 34 And you will be like one who lies down in the midst of the sea, and like one who lies down on the top of the rigging. 35 You will say, “They have struck me, but I am not harmed! They beat me, but I did not know it! When will I awake? I will look for another drink.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 19:14 and Proverbs 23:10

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Proverbs and Deuteronomy warn not to move an ancient boundary marker. This requirement is based on Egyptian and Mesopotamian traditions, showing how Israelite writers drew on Near Eastern traditions to express respect for ancestral boundaries.

Passages

Deuteronomy 19:14

Hebrew Bible
12 The elders of his own city must send for him and remove him from there to deliver him over to the blood avenger to die. 13 You must not pity him, but purge from Israel the guilt of shedding innocent blood, so that it may go well with you. 14 You must not move your neighbor’s boundary marker,28 which will have been defined in the inheritance you will obtain in the land the Lord your God is giving you. 15 A single witness may not testify against another person for any trespass or sin that he commits. A matter may be legally established only on the testimony of two or three witnesses. 16 If a false witness testifies against another person and accuses him of a crime,
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Proverbs 23:10

Hebrew Bible
8 you will vomit up the little bit you have eaten and will have wasted your pleasant words. 9 Do not speak in the ears of a fool, for he will despise the wisdom of your words. 10 Do not move an ancient boundary stone or take over the fields of the fatherless, 11 for their Protector is strong; he will plead their case against you. 12 Apply your heart to instruction and your ears to the words of knowledge.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

References

"... The couplets of Proverbs 22:28 and 23:10 present us with the opening segment: ‘Do not remove the ancient marker,’ which is completed by two variant closures playing on the verbal motif of ‘father’: ‘which your fathers have set’ and, alternatively, ‘or enter the fields of the fatherless,’ and in their variance rendering radically different signification. While this opening segment echoes a proverb of the Egyptian Amenemope’s ‘Admonitions,’ it is also found in Deuteronomy 19:14 – in a very close variant of the Proverbs 22 couplet, in the context of a ‘law’ of Moses: ‘Do not remove your neighbor’s marker; which the men of old have set,’ a ‘legal’ motif, which in a poem of Hosea is referenced as an analogue, condemning a lawless Judah: ‘The princes of Judah have become like those who remove the marker’ (Hosea 5:10). Such economy of composition is one of the central factors reflected in the close formal proximity of biblical traditions presented as songs and those offered as wisdom. In Job 7:17 and Psalm 8:5 we find the famous interrogatory entrance: ‘What is a person?’ Job completes the query not merely adding the segment ‘that you make so much of one,’ but coupling it with ‘and that you pay attention to one,’ a couplet open to a positive orientation ..."
Thomas L. Thompson, Biblical Narrative and Palestine’s History: Changing Perspectives (Equinox, 2013), 140.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 19:14 and Proverbs 23:10

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