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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 22

1 A good name is to be chosen rather than great wealth, good favor more than silver or gold. 2 The rich and the poor are met together; the Lord is the Creator of them both. 3 A shrewd person saw danger and hid himself, but the naive passed on by and paid for it. 4 The reward for humility and fearing the Lord is riches and honor and life. 5 Thorns and snares are in the path of the perverse, but the one who guards himself keeps far from them. 6 Train a child in the way that he should go, and when he is old he will not turn from it. 7 The rich rule over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender. 8 The one who sows iniquity will reap trouble, and the rod of his fury will end. 9 A person with a good eye23 will be blessed, for he has given some of his food to the poor.⁠ 10 Drive out the scorner and contention will leave; strife and insults will cease. 11 The one who loves a pure heart and whose speech is gracious—the king will be his friend. 12 The eyes of the Lord watched over a cause and subverted the words of the treacherous person. 13 The sluggard has said, “There is a lion outside! I will be killed in the middle of the streets!” 14 The mouth of an adulteress is like a deep pit; the one against whom the Lord is angry will fall into it. 15 Folly is bound up in the heart of a child, but the rod of discipline will drive it far from him. 16 The one who oppresses the poor to increase his own gain and the one who gives to the rich—both end up only in poverty. 17 Incline your ear and listen to the words of the wise, and apply your mind to my instruction. 18 For it is pleasing if you keep these sayings within you, and they are ready on your lips. 19 So that your confidence may be in the Lord, I hereby make them known to you today—even you. 20 Have I not written thirty sayings for you, sayings of counsel and knowledge, 21 to show you true and reliable words, so that you may give accurate answers to those who sent you? 22 Do not exploit a poor person because he is poor and do not crush the needy in court, 23 for the Lord will plead their case and will rob the life of those who are robbing them. 24 Do not make friends with an angry person, and do not associate with a wrathful person, 25 lest you learn his ways and entangle yourself in a snare. 26 Do not be one who strikes hands in pledge or who puts up security for debts. 27 If you do not have enough to pay, your bed will be taken right out from under you! 28 Do not move an ancient boundary stone that was put in place by your ancestors.⁠ 29 You have seen a person skilled in his work—he will take his position before kings; he will not take his position before obscure people.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 19:14 and Proverbs 22:28

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Proverbs and Deuteronomy tell people not to move an ancestral boundary, connecting legal and moral order to respect for inherited land. Preserving ancestral inheritance and social stability was a widespread concern across the ancient Near East.

Passages

Deuteronomy 19:14

Hebrew Bible
12 The elders of his own city must send for him and remove him from there to deliver him over to the blood avenger to die. 13 You must not pity him, but purge from Israel the guilt of shedding innocent blood, so that it may go well with you. 14 You must not move your neighbor’s boundary marker,28 which will have been defined in the inheritance you will obtain in the land the Lord your God is giving you. 15 A single witness may not testify against another person for any trespass or sin that he commits. A matter may be legally established only on the testimony of two or three witnesses. 16 If a false witness testifies against another person and accuses him of a crime,
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Proverbs 22:28

Hebrew Bible
26 Do not be one who strikes hands in pledge or who puts up security for debts. 27 If you do not have enough to pay, your bed will be taken right out from under you! 28 Do not move an ancient boundary stone that was put in place by your ancestors. 29 You have seen a person skilled in his work—he will take his position before kings; he will not take his position before obscure people.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

References

"... set up by previous generations ... That is, ancestors. Compare Proverbs 22:28, “Do not move the ancient boundary stone that your ancestors set up.” The fact that the boundaries were established by earlier generations made their inviolability more than an objective matter of property rights. Landowners felt a deep attachment to the land they inherited from their ancestors. This is well illustrated by Naboth’s reaction to King Ahab’s offer of a better field in exchange for his: “The Lord forbid that I should give up to you what I have inherited from my fathers!” (1 Kings 21:3). In halakhic literature this admonition against encroachment was widely expanded to encompass other types of misappropriation, such as wrong, attributions of rabbinic dicta, and eventually to copyright violations. In Jewish law and ethics the phrase “moving landmarks” (hassagat gevul), in the sense of “violating boundaries,” refers to unfair competition that encroaches on another’s livelihood and other rights ..."
Jeffrey H. Tigay, Deuteronomy: The Traditional Hebrew Text with the New JPS Translation (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1996), 183.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 19:14 and Proverbs 22:28

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