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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 21

1 The king’s heart is in the hand of the Lord like channels of water; he turns it wherever he wants.⁠ 2 All a person’s ways seem right in his own opinion, but the Lord evaluates his thoughts. 3 To do righteousness and justice is more acceptable to the Lord than sacrifice. 4 Haughty eyes and a proud heart—what the wicked cultivate is sin. 5 The plans of the diligent lead only to plenty, but everyone who is hasty comes only to poverty. 6 Making a fortune by a lying tongue is like a vapor driven back and forth; they seek death. 7 The violence done by the wicked will drag them away because they have refused to do what is right. 8 The way of the guilty person is devious, but as for the pure, his way is upright. 9 It is better to live on a corner of the housetop than to share a house with a quarrelsome wife. 10 The appetite of the wicked has desired evil; his neighbor is shown no favor in his eyes. 11 When a scorner is punished, the naive becomes wise; when a wise person is instructed, he gains knowledge. 12 The Righteous One considers the house of the wicked; he overthrows the wicked to their ruin. 13 The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor, he too will cry out and will not be answered. 14 A gift given in secret subdues anger, and a bribe given secretly subdues strong wrath. 15 Doing justice brings joy to the righteous and terror to those who do evil. 16 The one who wanders from the way of wisdom will end up in the company of the departed. 17 The one who loves pleasure will be a poor person; whoever loves wine and anointing oil will not be rich. 18 The wicked become a ransom for the righteous, and the treacherous are taken in the place of the upright. 19 It is better to live in the wilderness than with a quarrelsome and easily provoked woman. 20 There is desirable treasure and olive oil in the dwelling of the wise, but a foolish person devours all he has. 21 The one who pursues righteousness and love finds life, bounty, and honor.⁠ 22 A wise man went up against the city of the mighty and brought down the stronghold in which they trust. 23 The one who guards his mouth and his tongue keeps his life from troubles. 24 A proud and arrogant person, whose name is “Scoffer,” acts with overbearing pride. 25 What the sluggard desires will kill him, for his hands have refused to work. 26 All day long he has craved greedily, but the righteous person gives and does not hold back. 27 The wicked person’s sacrifice is an abomination; how much more when he brings it with evil intent! 28 A lying witness will perish, but the one who reports accurately speaks forever. 29 A wicked person has put on a bold face, but as for the upright, he establishes his ways. 30 There is no wisdom and there is no understanding, and there is no counsel against the Lord. 31 A horse is prepared for the day of battle, but the victory is from the Lord.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 16:20 and Proverbs 21:21

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy commands the pursuit of justice as the basis for life in the land, reshaping traditions that rejected bribery and corruption. Proverbs echoes this, teaching that one who pursues righteousness and loyalty will find life and honor.

Passages

Deuteronomy 16:20

Hebrew Bible
18 You must appoint judges and civil servants for each tribe in all your villages that the Lord your God is giving you, and they must judge the people fairly. 19 You must not pervert justice or show favor. Do not take a bribe, for bribes blind the eyes of the wise and distort the words of the righteous. 20 You must pursue justice alone so that you may live and inherit the land the Lord your God is giving you. 21 You must not plant any kind of tree as a sacred Asherah pole near the altar of the Lord your God which you build for yourself. 22 You must not erect a sacred pillar, a thing the Lord your God detests.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Proverbs 21:21

Hebrew Bible
19 It is better to live in the wilderness than with a quarrelsome and easily provoked woman. 20 There is desirable treasure and olive oil in the dwelling of the wise, but a foolish person devours all he has. 21 The one who pursues righteousness and love finds life, bounty, and honor. 22 A wise man went up against the city of the mighty and brought down the stronghold in which they trust. 23 The one who guards his mouth and his tongue keeps his life from troubles.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

References

"... The presented considerations show in an exemplary way that the book of Deuteronomy does not simply belong to a continuum of sapiential tradition. older concepts of “wisdom” are distinctively transformed in Deuteronomy 1:13, 15 and in Deuteronomy 16:19–20, but in both cases in a different way. In Deuteronomy 16:19–20, the transformation substantially relativizes any claim of Israel's judges to be “wise.” There are indications that this claim was related to the self-perception of the Deuteronomistic scribes. if this holds true, the phrase “the bribe blinds the eyes of the wise” can be read as a kind of scribal self-critique. At the same time, the Deuteronomistic editing of Deuteronomy, of which both Deuteronomy 1:9–18 and Deuteronomy 16:19–20 are part, draws on sapiential tradition on more than one occasion. The judicial instruction of Deuteronomy 1:17a resumes a tradition of condemning partiality in judgment that is represented by Proverbs 24:23. The commandment of Deuteronomy 16:20 reformulates the admonition of Proverbs 21:21. The proverbial saying, “the bribe blinds the eyes of the wise, and twists the cases of the righteous,” is, through Exodus 23:8b, indirectly dependent on a sapiential tradition that obviously influenced this section of the covenant code ..."
Reinhard Müller, “The Blinded Eyes of the Wise: Sapiential Tradition and Mosaic Commandment in Deut 16:19–20,” in Wisdom and Torah: The Reception of “Torah” in the Wisdom Literature of the Second Temple Period, ed. Bernd U. Schipper and D. Andrew Teeter, JSJSup 163 (Leiden: Brill, 2013), 9–33.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 16:20 and Proverbs 21:21

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