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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 19

1 Better is a poor person who walks in his integrity than one who is perverse in his speech and is a fool. 2 It is dangerous to have zeal without knowledge, and the one who acts hastily makes poor choices. 3 A person’s folly subverts his way, and his heart rages against the Lord. 4 Wealth adds many friends, but a poor person is separated from his friend. 5 A false witness will not go unpunished, and the one who spouts out lies will not escape punishment. 6 Many people entreat the favor of a generous person, and everyone is the friend of the person who gives gifts. 7 All the relatives of a poor person hate him; how much more do his friends avoid him—one who chases words, which are nothing. 8 The one who acquires understanding loves himself; the one who preserves understanding will prosper. 9 A false witness will not go unpunished, and the one who spouts out lies will perish. 10 Luxury is not appropriate for a fool; how much less for a servant to rule over princes! 11 A person’s wisdom has made him slow to anger, and it is his glory to overlook an offense. 12 A king’s wrath is like the roar of a lion, but his favor is like dew on the grass. 13 A foolish child is the ruin of his father, and a contentious wife is like a constant dripping. 14 A house and wealth are inherited from parents, but a prudent wife is from the Lord. 15 Laziness brings on a deep sleep, and the idle person will go hungry. 16 The one who obeys commandments guards his life; the one who despises his ways will die. 17 The one who is gracious to the poor lends to the Lord, and the Lord will repay him for his good deed.⁠ 18 Discipline your child, for there is hope, but do not set your heart on causing his death. 19 A person with great anger bears the penalty, but if you deliver him from it once, you will have to do it again. 20 Listen to advice and receive discipline, that you may become wise by the end of your life. 21 There are many plans in a person’s mind, but it is the counsel of the Lord that will stand. 22 What is desirable for a person is to show loyal love, and a poor person is better than a liar. 23 Fearing the Lord leads to life, and one who does so will live satisfied; he will not be afflicted by calamity. 24 The sluggard has plunged his hand into the dish, and he will not even bring it back to his mouth! 25 Flog a scorner, and as a result the simpleton will learn prudence; correct a discerning person, and as a result he will understand knowledge. 26 The one who robs his father and chases away his mother is a son who brings shame and disgrace. 27 If you stop listening to instruction, my child, you will stray from the words of knowledge. 28 A crooked witness scorns justice, and the mouth of the wicked devours iniquity. 29 Penalties have been prepared for scorners, and floggings for the backs of fools.

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 19:17 and Matthew 25:40

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew, Jesus teaches that caring for the poor and vulnerable is the same as giving to God, building on Proverbs, which says helping the poor is like lending to God. Both present compassion and generosity as direct service to God.

Passages

Proverbs 19:17

Hebrew Bible
14 A house and wealth are inherited from parents, but a prudent wife is from the Lord. 15 Laziness brings on a deep sleep, and the idle person will go hungry. 16 The one who obeys commandments guards his life; the one who despises his ways will die. 17 The one who is gracious to the poor lends to the Lord, and the Lord will repay him for his good deed. 18 Discipline your child, for there is hope, but do not set your heart on causing his death. 19 A person with great anger bears the penalty, but if you deliver him from it once, you will have to do it again.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Matthew 25:40

New Testament
37 Then the righteous will answer him, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? 38 When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or naked and clothe you? 39 When did we see you sick or in prison and visit you?’ 40 And the king will answer them, ‘I tell you the truth, just as you did it for one of the least of these brothers or sisters of mine, you did it for me.’ 41 “Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you accursed, into the eternal fire that has been prepared for the devil and his angels!
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... Where could such an idea originate, the notion that caring for the poor is somehow equivalent to encountering the presence of God? Just at this point, Israel’s wisdom tradition once again provides an unexpected shaft of illumination upon the identity of Jesus: “Whoever is kind to the poor lends to the LORD, and will be repaid in full” (Proverbs 19:17). Matthew does not quote this text, and there is no obvious verbal echo of it in Matthew 25, though the LXX rendering of Proverbs 19:17 employs language characteristic of Matthew’s concerns and emphases (“the one who has mercy on the poor man”). Nonetheless, Matthew’s account of the final judgment stands in continuity with this fundamental insight of Israel’s sages, as articulated in the Proverbs text: we will be judged and recompensed in accordance with our treatment of the poor. But the most remarkable link here between Proverbs and Matthew lies in the former’s affirmation that those who show mercy to the poor are in effect lending to the LORD. This is precisely what Matthew reaffirms and elaborates: it is the Lord Jesus who is the ultimate recipient of human acts of kindness. If the connection between Proverbs 19:17 and Matthew 25:40 be granted, a crucial corollary follows: when Jesus says that mercy shown to the poor is really shown to him, he is placing himself directly into the role of the LORD referred to by Proverbs—that is, the LORD God of Israel ..."
Richard B. Hays, Echoes of Scripture in the Gospels (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2016), 207–208.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 19:17 and Matthew 25:40

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