Go to Related Reading
About this book

Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 16

1 The intentions of the heart belong to a man, but the answer of the tongue comes from the Lord. 2 All a person’s ways seem right in his own opinion, but the Lord evaluates the motives. 3 Commit your works to the Lord, and your plans will be established. 4 The Lord has worked everything for his own ends—even the wicked for the day of disaster. 5 The Lord abhors every arrogant person; rest assured that they will not go unpunished. 6 Through loyal love and truth iniquity is appeased; through fearing the Lord one avoids evil. 7 When a person’s ways are pleasing to the Lord, he even reconciles his enemies to himself. 8 Better to have a little with righteousness than to have abundant income without justice. 9 A person plans his course, but the Lord directs his steps. 10 The divine verdict is in the words of the king; his pronouncements must not act treacherously against justice. 11 Honest scales and balances are from the Lord; all the weights in the bag are his handiwork.⁠ 12 Doing wickedness is an abomination to kings, because a throne is established in righteousness. 13 The delight of a king is righteous counsel, and he will love the one who speaks uprightly. 14 A king’s wrath is like a messenger of death, but a wise person appeases it. 15 In the light of the king’s face there is life, and his favor is like the clouds of the spring rain. 16 How much better it is to acquire wisdom than gold; to acquire understanding is more desirable than silver. 17 The highway of the upright is to turn away from evil; the one who guards his way safeguards his life. 18 Pride goes before destruction and a haughty spirit before a fall. 19 It is better to be lowly in spirit with the afflicted than to share the spoils with the proud. 20 The one who deals wisely in a matter will find success, and blessed is the one who trusts in the Lord. 21 The one who is wise in heart is called discerning, and kind speech increases persuasiveness. 22 Insight is like a life-giving fountain to the one who possesses it, but folly leads to the discipline of fools. 23 A wise person’s heart makes his speech wise, and it adds persuasiveness to his words. 24 Pleasant words are like a honeycomb, sweet to the soul and healing to the bones. 25 There is a way that seems right to a person, but its end is the way that leads to death.⁠ 26 A laborer’s appetite has labored for him, for his hunger has pressed him to work. 27 A wicked scoundrel digs up evil, and his slander is like a scorching fire.⁠ 28 A perverse person spreads dissension, and a gossip separates the closest friends. 29 A violent person entices his neighbor, and then leads him down a path that is terrible. 30 The one who winks his eyes devises perverse things, and one who compresses his lips has accomplished evil. 31 Gray hair is like a crown of glory; it is attained in the path of righteousness.⁠ 32 Better to be slow to anger than to be a mighty warrior, and one who controls his temper is better than one who captures a city.⁠ 33 The dice are thrown into the lap, but their every decision is from the Lord.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 16:32 and Pirkei Avot 4:1

Hebrew Bible · Rabbinic

Share:

Summary

Proverbs 16 calls the person slow to anger greater than a warrior who captures a city. Rabbinic tradition in Pirkei Avot draws on this to define real strength as mastering one’s own impulses rather than conquering others.

Passages

Proverbs 16:32

Hebrew Bible
31 Gray hair is like a crown of glory; it is attained in the path of righteousness. 32 Better to be slow to anger than to be a mighty warrior, and one who controls his temper is better than one who captures a city. 33 The dice are thrown into the lap, but their every decision is from the Lord.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Pirkei Avot 4:1

Rabbinic · Mishnah
1 Ben Zoma said: Who is wise? He who learns from every man, as it is said: "I have gained understanding from all who taught me" (Psalms 119:99). Who is mighty? He who subdues his evil inclination, as it is said: "One who is slow to anger is better than the mighty, and one who rules his spirit than one who takes a city" (Proverbs 16:32). Who is rich? He who rejoices in his lot, as it is said: "You shall enjoy the fruit of your labors, you shall be happy and you shall prosper" (Psalms 128:2). "You shall be happy" in this world, "and you shall prosper" in the world to come. Who is honored? He who honors his fellow human beings, as it is said: "For I honor those that honor Me, but those who spurn Me shall be dishonored" (I Samuel 2:30). 2 Ben Azzai said: Be as quick in performing a minor commandment as a major one, and flee from transgression; for one commandment leads to another commandment, and transgression leads to another transgression; for the reward for performing a commandment is another commandment, and the reward for committing a transgression is a transgression.
190–230 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pirkei Avot

References

"... Ben Zoma takes up the question of who is mighty and transforms it from a physical quality to a spiritual one: “Who is mighty? The one who conquers his evil inclination, as it is said: ‘He who is slow to anger is better than the mighty, and he who rules his spirit than he who takes a city’ (Proverbs 16:32).” Rather than making strength a quality proven in battle, Ben Zoma reinterprets the proof text from Proverbs 16 to show that control of the inner passions proves one’s strength. Conquering the evil inclination means to conquer the base impulses that pursue physical desire alone or gives in to readily to anger or sin. According to Avot de Rabbi Natan A, it is through Torah study that one gains this inner strength to conquer the evil inclination. ..."
Daniel Joslyn-Siemiatkoski, The More Torah, the More Life: A Christian Commentary on Mishnah Avot (Leuven: Peeters, 2018), 196.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Proverbs 16:32 and Pirkei Avot 4:1

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library