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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 16

1 The intentions of the heart belong to a man, but the answer of the tongue comes from the Lord. 2 All a person’s ways seem right in his own opinion, but the Lord evaluates the motives. 3 Commit your works to the Lord, and your plans will be established. 4 The Lord has worked everything for his own ends—even the wicked for the day of disaster. 5 The Lord abhors every arrogant person; rest assured that they will not go unpunished. 6 Through loyal love and truth iniquity is appeased; through fearing the Lord one avoids evil. 7 When a person’s ways are pleasing to the Lord, he even reconciles his enemies to himself. 8 Better to have a little with righteousness than to have abundant income without justice. 9 A person plans his course, but the Lord directs his steps. 10 The divine verdict is in the words of the king; his pronouncements must not act treacherously against justice. 11 Honest scales and balances are from the Lord; all the weights in the bag are his handiwork.⁠ 12 Doing wickedness is an abomination to kings, because a throne is established in righteousness. 13 The delight of a king is righteous counsel, and he will love the one who speaks uprightly. 14 A king’s wrath is like a messenger of death, but a wise person appeases it. 15 In the light of the king’s face there is life, and his favor is like the clouds of the spring rain. 16 How much better it is to acquire wisdom than gold; to acquire understanding is more desirable than silver. 17 The highway of the upright is to turn away from evil; the one who guards his way safeguards his life. 18 Pride goes before destruction and a haughty spirit before a fall. 19 It is better to be lowly in spirit with the afflicted than to share the spoils with the proud. 20 The one who deals wisely in a matter will find success, and blessed is the one who trusts in the Lord. 21 The one who is wise in heart is called discerning, and kind speech increases persuasiveness. 22 Insight is like a life-giving fountain to the one who possesses it, but folly leads to the discipline of fools. 23 A wise person’s heart makes his speech wise, and it adds persuasiveness to his words. 24 Pleasant words are like a honeycomb, sweet to the soul and healing to the bones. 25 There is a way that seems right to a person, but its end is the way that leads to death.⁠ 26 A laborer’s appetite has labored for him, for his hunger has pressed him to work. 27 A wicked scoundrel digs up evil, and his slander is like a scorching fire.⁠ 28 A perverse person spreads dissension, and a gossip separates the closest friends. 29 A violent person entices his neighbor, and then leads him down a path that is terrible. 30 The one who winks his eyes devises perverse things, and one who compresses his lips has accomplished evil. 31 Gray hair is like a crown of glory; it is attained in the path of righteousness.⁠ 32 Better to be slow to anger than to be a mighty warrior, and one who controls his temper is better than one who captures a city.⁠ 33 The dice are thrown into the lap, but their every decision is from the Lord.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 16:31 and Wisdom of Solomon 4:9

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Proverbs treats gray hair as a sign of wisdom gained through a good life. The Wisdom of Solomon redefines this idea, saying true age comes from wisdom, not years, so even the young can be honored if they live rightly.

Passages

Proverbs 16:31

Hebrew Bible
29 A violent person entices his neighbor, and then leads him down a path that is terrible. 30 The one who winks his eyes devises perverse things, and one who compresses his lips has accomplished evil. 31 Gray hair is like a crown of glory; it is attained in the path of righteousness. 32 Better to be slow to anger than to be a mighty warrior, and one who controls his temper is better than one who captures a city. 33 The dice are thrown into the lap, but their every decision is from the Lord.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Wisdom of Solomon 4:9

Deuterocanon
7 But a righteous man, even if he dies before his time, will be at rest. 8 For honorable old age is not that which stands in length of time, nor is its measure given by number of years, 9 but understanding is gray hair to men, and an unspotted life is ripe old age. 10 Being found well-pleasing to God, someone was loved. While living among sinners he was transported. 11 He was caught away, lest evil should change his understanding, or guile deceive his soul.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

References

"... Ageing is a biological process that affects both the human body and mind. As in many cultures, in Old Testament literature the physiognomy of old age is determined by bent posture and grey or white hair. Even in the time of eschatological salvation, old people will need a stick to walk (Zechariah 8:4). Since the second characteristic, grey hair, is such an important topos of old age, the term used in ancient Israel for old people is derived from it: the Hebrew śēbāh has two meanings, “grey hair” and “old age”. However, grey hair can also be regarded positively as a sign of honor and the righteous living of old and wise people, as two passages from the book of Proverbs illustrate: “Grey hair is a crown of glory; it is gained in a righteous life” (Proverbs 16:31) ... According to the Old Testament writings, wisdom and old age are closely related and lead to a privileged position of wise, old people in society. In many cases, the worldly wisdom of parents and the elderly is emphasized ..."
Christian A. Neumann, Old Age before Modernity: Case Studies and Methodological Perspectives, 500 BC–1700 AD (Heidelberg: Heidelberg University, 2023), 171–174.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 16:31 and Wisdom of Solomon 4:9

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