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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 11

1 The Lord abhors dishonest scales, but an accurate weight is his delight.⁠ 2 After pride came, disgrace followed; but wisdom came with humility. 3 The integrity of the upright guides them, but the crookedness of the treacherous destroys them. 4 Wealth does not profit in the day of wrath, but righteousness delivers from death.⁠ 5 The righteousness of the blameless will make their way smooth, but the wicked will fall through their own wickedness. 6 The righteousness of the upright will deliver them, but the treacherous will be ensnared by their own desires. 7 When a wicked person dies, his expectation perishes, and hope based on power has perished. 8 A righteous person was delivered out of trouble, then a wicked person took his place. 9 With his speech the godless person destroys his neighbor, but by knowledge the righteous will be delivered. 10 When the righteous do well, the city rejoices; when the wicked perish, there is joy. 11 A city is exalted by the blessing provided from the upright, but it is destroyed by the counsel of the wicked. 12 The one who denounces his neighbor lacks sense, but a discerning person keeps silent. 13 The one who goes about slandering others reveals secrets, but the one who is trustworthy conceals a matter. 14 When there is no guidance a nation falls, but there is success in the abundance of counselors.⁠ 15 The one who has put up security for a stranger will surely have trouble, but whoever avoids shaking hands is secure. 16 A generous woman gains honor, and ruthless men seize wealth. 17 A kind person benefits himself, but a cruel person brings himself trouble. 18 The wicked person earns deceitful wages, but the one who sows righteousness reaps a genuine reward. 19 True righteousness leads to life, but the one who pursues evil pursues it to his own death. 20 The Lord abhors those who are perverse in heart, but those who are blameless in their ways are his delight. 21 Be assured that the evil person will not be unpunished, but the descendants of the righteous have escaped harm. 22 Like a gold ring in a pig’s snout is a beautiful woman who rejects discretion. 23 The desire of the righteous is only good, but the expectation of the wicked is wrath. 24 One person is generous and yet grows more wealthy, but another withholds more than he should and comes to poverty. 25 A generous person will be enriched, and the one who provides water for others will himself be satisfied. 26 People will curse the one who withholds grain, but they will praise the one who sells it. 27 The one who diligently seeks good seeks favor, but the one who searches for evil—it will come to him. 28 The one who trusts in his riches will fall, but the righteous will flourish like a green leaf. 29 The one who troubles his family will inherit nothing, and the fool will be a servant to the wise person. 30 The fruit of the righteous is like a tree producing life, and the one who wins souls is wise. 31 If the righteous are recompensed on earth, how much more the wicked sinner!⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 11:4 and Tobit 12:9

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Proverbs 11 teaches that wealth is useless during judgment, but that righteousness delivers from death. Tobit echoes this by declaring that giving to the poor saves from death and removes sin, identifying righteousness with giving to the poor.

Passages

Proverbs 11:4

Hebrew Bible
1 The Lord abhors dishonest scales, but an accurate weight is his delight. 2 After pride came, disgrace followed; but wisdom came with humility. 3 The integrity of the upright guides them, but the crookedness of the treacherous destroys them. 4 Wealth does not profit in the day of wrath, but righteousness delivers from death. 5 The righteousness of the blameless will make their way smooth, but the wicked will fall through their own wickedness.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Tobit 12:9

Deuterocanon
6 Then he called them both privately, and said to them, Bless God, and give him thanks in the sight of all that live, for the good things which he has done to you, to bless and praise his name. The words of God show forth to all men with honour and do not be slack to give him thanks. 7 It is good to keep close the secret of a king, but to confess and reveal the works of God. And confess them with honour. Do the good, and evil shall not find you. 8 Better is prayer with truth, and alms with righteousness than riches with unrighteousness; it is better to give alms than to lay up gold: 9 almsgiving does deliver from death, and it purges away all sin. They that do alms shall be fed with life; 10 they that commit sin and unrighteousness are enemies to their own life.
225–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Tobit

References

"... Righteousness in 4Q420-21 may allude to charitable works. 4Q424 3 7-10 gives advice regarding kindness towards the poor: 'a man of generosity performs charity for the poor' (1.9). It is used several times as a term for almsgiving in Ben Sira. Sirach 3:30-4:6 is on this topic and reads in part: 'As water quenches flaming fire, so alms atone for sins. The kindness a person has done crosses his path as he goes' (4QTobit also appears to use the word as a term for almsgiving. It is a prominent theme in this work (1:3; 4:7-11; 12:8-9). Compassion for the downtrodden is a prominent theme in traditional wisdom (e.g., Proverbs 14:31; 21:13; 22:7). This topic is highlighted also in the covenantal tradition and elsewhere in the Hebrew Bible. Almsgiving is not explicit in 4QWays of Righteousness, but there is nothing in the text that is incompatible with this theme. That 4Q420-21 recommends almsgiving remains a reasonable possibility ..."
Matthew J. Goff, Discerning Wisdom: The Sapiential Literature of the Dead Sea Scrolls (Leiden: Brill, 2007), 164–165.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 11:4 and Tobit 12:9

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