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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 11

1 The Lord abhors dishonest scales, but an accurate weight is his delight.⁠ 2 After pride came, disgrace followed; but wisdom came with humility. 3 The integrity of the upright guides them, but the crookedness of the treacherous destroys them. 4 Wealth does not profit in the day of wrath, but righteousness delivers from death.⁠ 5 The righteousness of the blameless will make their way smooth, but the wicked will fall through their own wickedness. 6 The righteousness of the upright will deliver them, but the treacherous will be ensnared by their own desires. 7 When a wicked person dies, his expectation perishes, and hope based on power has perished. 8 A righteous person was delivered out of trouble, then a wicked person took his place. 9 With his speech the godless person destroys his neighbor, but by knowledge the righteous will be delivered. 10 When the righteous do well, the city rejoices; when the wicked perish, there is joy. 11 A city is exalted by the blessing provided from the upright, but it is destroyed by the counsel of the wicked. 12 The one who denounces his neighbor lacks sense, but a discerning person keeps silent. 13 The one who goes about slandering others reveals secrets, but the one who is trustworthy conceals a matter. 14 When there is no guidance a nation falls, but there is success in the abundance of counselors.⁠ 15 The one who has put up security for a stranger will surely have trouble, but whoever avoids shaking hands is secure. 16 A generous woman gains honor, and ruthless men seize wealth. 17 A kind person benefits himself, but a cruel person brings himself trouble. 18 The wicked person earns deceitful wages, but the one who sows righteousness reaps a genuine reward. 19 True righteousness leads to life, but the one who pursues evil pursues it to his own death. 20 The Lord abhors those who are perverse in heart, but those who are blameless in their ways are his delight. 21 Be assured that the evil person will not be unpunished, but the descendants of the righteous have escaped harm. 22 Like a gold ring in a pig’s snout is a beautiful woman who rejects discretion. 23 The desire of the righteous is only good, but the expectation of the wicked is wrath. 24 One person is generous and yet grows more wealthy, but another withholds more than he should and comes to poverty. 25 A generous person will be enriched, and the one who provides water for others will himself be satisfied. 26 People will curse the one who withholds grain, but they will praise the one who sells it. 27 The one who diligently seeks good seeks favor, but the one who searches for evil—it will come to him. 28 The one who trusts in his riches will fall, but the righteous will flourish like a green leaf. 29 The one who troubles his family will inherit nothing, and the fool will be a servant to the wise person. 30 The fruit of the righteous is like a tree producing life, and the one who wins souls is wise. 31 If the righteous are recompensed on earth, how much more the wicked sinner!⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Amos 8:5 and Proverbs 11:1

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Proverbs 11 condemns dishonest scales and praises accurate weights, reflecting an ethic of fair trade based on ancient Near Eastern traditions. Amos applies this principle to his own time, accusing merchants of manipulating their scales.

Passages

Amos 8:5

Hebrew Bible
3 The women singing in the temple will wail in that day.” The Sovereign Lord is speaking. “There will be many corpses littered everywhere! Be quiet!” 4 Listen to this, you who trample the needy and do away with the destitute in the land. 5 You say, “When will the new moon festival be over, so we can sell grain? When will the Sabbath end, so we can open up the grain bins? We’re eager to sell less for a higher price, and to cheat the buyer with rigged scales! 6 We’re eager to trade silver for the poor, a pair of sandals for the needy. We want to mix in some chaff with the grain!” 7 The Lord confirms this oath by the arrogance of Jacob: “I swear I will never forget all you have done!
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Amos

Proverbs 11:1

Hebrew Bible
1 The Lord abhors dishonest scales, but an accurate weight is his delight. 2 After pride came, disgrace followed; but wisdom came with humility. 3 The integrity of the upright guides them, but the crookedness of the treacherous destroys them.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

References

"... Adulteration of products was a problem even in ancient times as can be seen from Isaiah’s criticism (1:22) of the Israelites: 'Your silver has become dross, your wine diluted with water.' According to most commentaries, this is not a metaphor but refers to actual deceptive practices in ancient Judah and Jerusalem that angered the Lord. Merchants were prohibited from falsifying weights and measures by the Torah or even owning a dishonest weight (Leviticus 19:35-36; Deuteronomy 25:13-15). The prophet Amos (8:5) reproached the Jews for 'making the ephah (a dry measure) smaller and the shekel larger and falsifying the scales of deceit.' After all, 'Deceitful scales are an abomination of the Lord' (Proverbs 11:1). In fact, any deception or dishonest business practice is 'an abomination unto the Lord, your God' (Deuteronomy 25:16). To ensure honest weights and measures, the Talmud (T. Bava Bathra 88a) required merchants to wipe their weights once a week and clean their scales after every weighing. Market commissioners were appointed to ensure that businesses used honest weights and measures (T. Bava Bathra 89a). Vendors were prohibited from rapidly pouring liquids from great heights (T. Bava Bathra 89b), which was done by retailers to generate foam thereby ensuring that the customer would end up with less product ..."
Hershey H. Friedman, “The Impact of Jewish Values on Marketing and Business Practices,” Journal of Macromarketing 21.1 (2001): 74–80.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Amos 8:5 and Proverbs 11:1

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