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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 1

1 The proverbs of Solomon, son of David, king of Israel: 2 To learn wisdom and moral instruction, to discern wise counsel. 3 To receive moral instruction in skillful living,⁠ with righteousness, justice, and equity. 4 To impart shrewdness to the morally naive, a discerning plan to the young person. 5 (Let the wise also hear and gain instruction, and let the discerning acquire guidance!) 6 To discern the meaning of a proverb and a parable, the sayings of the wise and their riddles.⁠ 7 Fearing the Lord is the beginning of discernment, but fools have despised wisdom and moral instruction.⁠ 8 Listen, my child, to the instruction from your father, and do not forsake the teaching from your mother. 9 For they will be like an elegant garland on your head, and like pendants around your neck. 10 My child, if sinners try to entice you, do not consent! 11 If they say, “Come with us! We will lie in wait to shed blood; we will ambush an innocent person capriciously. 12 We will swallow them alive like Sheol, those full of vigor like those going down to the Pit.⁠ 13 We will seize all kinds of precious wealth; we will fill our houses with plunder. 14 Join with us! We will all share equally in what we steal.” 15 My child, do not go down their way, withhold yourself from their path; 16 for they are eager to inflict harm, and they hasten to shed blood. 17 Surely it is futile to spread a net in plain sight of any bird, 18 but these men lie in wait for their own blood; they ambush their own lives! 19 Such are the ways of all who gain profit unjustly; it takes away the life of those who obtain it! 20 Wisdom calls out in the street, she shouts loudly in the plazas; 21 at the head of the noisy streets she calls, in the entrances of the gates in the city she utters her words: 22 “How long will you simpletons love naiveté? How long have mockers delighted in mockery? And how long will fools hate knowledge? 23 You should respond to my rebuke. Then I would pour out my thoughts to you; I would make my words known to you. 24 However, because I called but you refused to listen, because I stretched out my hand but no one was paying attention, 25 and you neglected all my advice, and did not comply with my rebuke, 26 so I myself will laugh when disaster strikes you; I will mock when what you dread comes, 27 when what you dread comes like a whirlwind, and disaster strikes you like a devastating storm, when distressing trouble comes on you. 28 Then they will call to me, but I will not answer; they will diligently seek me, but they will not find me. 29 Because they hated moral knowledge and did not choose to fear the Lord, 30 they did not comply with my advice; they spurned all my rebuke. 31 Therefore they will eat from the fruit of their way, and they will be stuffed full of their own counsel. 32 For the waywardness of the simpletons will kill them, and the careless ease of fools will destroy them. 33 But the one who listens to me will live in security and will be at ease from the dread of harm.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 1:6 and Sirach 39:2

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Proverbs describes wisdom as the ability to understand stories, parables, and riddles, presenting these forms as an important way to communicate. Sirach echoes this, praising the one who devotes time to the study of parables and hidden sayings.

Passages

Proverbs 1:6

Hebrew Bible
4 To impart shrewdness to the morally naive, a discerning plan to the young person. 5 (Let the wise also hear and gain instruction, and let the discerning acquire guidance!) 6 To discern the meaning of a proverb and a parable, the sayings of the wise and their riddles. 7 Fearing the Lord is the beginning of discernment, but fools have despised wisdom and moral instruction. 8 Listen, my child, to the instruction from your father, and do not forsake the teaching from your mother.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Sirach 39:2

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 He will seek out the wisdom of all the ancients and will be occupied with prophecies. 2 He will keep the sayings of the men of renown and will enter in amidst the subtleties of parables. 3 He will seek out the hidden meaning of proverbs and be conversant in the dark sayings of parables. 4 He will serve among great men and appear before him who rules. He will travel through the land of foreign nations, for he has learned what is good and evil among men.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

"... Given the ambiguity of parables, recent scholarship has stressed their mysterious and elusive qualities. We should note that Ezekiel 17:2 labels the short story in the following verses not only as a comparison (mashal) but also as a riddle (hidah). This is not a unique situation since the Hebrew Bible labels several other proverbs, prophecies, or songs both as comparisons (meshalim) and riddles (hidot [the plural form of hidah]) (e.g., Habakkuk 2:6; Psalm 49:5; 78:2; Proverbs 1:6; compare Wisdom of Solomon 8:8; Sirach 39:3; 47:17). As with meshalim, hidot come in a variety of forms. Although the words mashal and hidah have two distinct meanings that we should not confuse, they can both describe the multiple functions of a single proverb, song, or parable ..."
Jeremy Schipper, Parables and Conflict in the Hebrew Bible (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 16.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 1:6 and Sirach 39:2

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