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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 1

1 The proverbs of Solomon, son of David, king of Israel: 2 To learn wisdom and moral instruction, to discern wise counsel. 3 To receive moral instruction in skillful living,⁠ with righteousness, justice, and equity. 4 To impart shrewdness to the morally naive, a discerning plan to the young person. 5 (Let the wise also hear and gain instruction, and let the discerning acquire guidance!) 6 To discern the meaning of a proverb and a parable, the sayings of the wise and their riddles.⁠ 7 Fearing the Lord is the beginning of discernment, but fools have despised wisdom and moral instruction.⁠ 8 Listen, my child, to the instruction from your father, and do not forsake the teaching from your mother. 9 For they will be like an elegant garland on your head, and like pendants around your neck. 10 My child, if sinners try to entice you, do not consent! 11 If they say, “Come with us! We will lie in wait to shed blood; we will ambush an innocent person capriciously. 12 We will swallow them alive like Sheol, those full of vigor like those going down to the Pit.⁠ 13 We will seize all kinds of precious wealth; we will fill our houses with plunder. 14 Join with us! We will all share equally in what we steal.” 15 My child, do not go down their way, withhold yourself from their path; 16 for they are eager to inflict harm, and they hasten to shed blood. 17 Surely it is futile to spread a net in plain sight of any bird, 18 but these men lie in wait for their own blood; they ambush their own lives! 19 Such are the ways of all who gain profit unjustly; it takes away the life of those who obtain it! 20 Wisdom calls out in the street, she shouts loudly in the plazas; 21 at the head of the noisy streets she calls, in the entrances of the gates in the city she utters her words: 22 “How long will you simpletons love naiveté? How long have mockers delighted in mockery? And how long will fools hate knowledge? 23 You should respond to my rebuke. Then I would pour out my thoughts to you; I would make my words known to you. 24 However, because I called but you refused to listen, because I stretched out my hand but no one was paying attention, 25 and you neglected all my advice, and did not comply with my rebuke, 26 so I myself will laugh when disaster strikes you; I will mock when what you dread comes, 27 when what you dread comes like a whirlwind, and disaster strikes you like a devastating storm, when distressing trouble comes on you. 28 Then they will call to me, but I will not answer; they will diligently seek me, but they will not find me. 29 Because they hated moral knowledge and did not choose to fear the Lord, 30 they did not comply with my advice; they spurned all my rebuke. 31 Therefore they will eat from the fruit of their way, and they will be stuffed full of their own counsel. 32 For the waywardness of the simpletons will kill them, and the careless ease of fools will destroy them. 33 But the one who listens to me will live in security and will be at ease from the dread of harm.”

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.5 II:4 and Proverbs 1:12

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Proverbs 1 gives violent criminals the swallowing appetite of Death known from the Baal Cycle, exposing their promise of easy wealth as a threat to others' lives.

Passages

KTU 1.5 II:4

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
[…] He extends a lip to the earth, a lip to the heavens, he extends a tongue to the stars. Baal must enter his belly, down into hs mouth he must go, since he scorched the olive, the produce of the earth, and the fruit of the trees. Valiant Baal was afraid of him; Valiant Warrior was in dread of him. Depart, say to divine Mot, declare to the Beloved of El, the hero: Message of Valiant Baal, word of Valiant Warrior: Greetings, O divine Mot, your servant am I, and forever. The gods departed and did not stay. Then they set their faces towards divine Mot (death), towards his city Muddy, a pit the seat of his enthronement, a crevice the land of his inheritance. They lifted lip their voices and cried: Message of Valiant Baal, word of Valiant Warrior: Greetings, O divine Mot, your servant am I, and forever so.
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Proverbs 1:12

Hebrew Bible
10 My child, if sinners try to entice you, do not consent! 11 If they say, “Come with us! We will lie in wait to shed blood; we will ambush an innocent person capriciously. 12 We will swallow them alive like Sheol, those full of vigor like those going down to the Pit. 13 We will seize all kinds of precious wealth; we will fill our houses with plunder. 14 Join with us! We will all share equally in what we steal.” 15 My child, do not go down their way, withhold yourself from their path; 16 for they are eager to inflict harm, and they hasten to shed blood.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

References

“... Th ere is some mythology of Death in the Psalms ( DDD 598–603), but unlike the Baal-Mot confl ict in the Baal Cycle, it is not represented as a matter of confl ict between Yahweh and Death personifi ed. Still some imagery for Death in the Psalms (141:7; cf. Isa. 5:14; Hab. 2:5; Prov. 1:12; 27:20; 30:15–16) echoes the traditional language found in the Baal Cycle: “One lip to the earth, one lip to the heavens; . . . his tongue to the stars. Baal must enter inside him; he must go down into his mouth” (KTU 1.5 II 2–5, SAC 141; cf. KTU 1.23.61–63, SAC 165). Th is mythic image of the cosmic enemy’s ravenous mouth is transferred to descriptions of human enemies (Ps. 73:9; cf. Isa 9:19). Another image of Death represents him as a shepherd leading people to the underworld (Ps. 49:15[14]); this metaphor has been read in light of the warning not to get too close to Death so that he not take “like a lamb in his mouth” (KTU 1.4 VIII 14–20, SAC 138). ...”
Mark S. Smith, “Canaanite Backgrounds to the Psalms,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. William P. Brown (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 52.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.5 II:4 and Proverbs 1:12

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