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On Dreams, Book 1

About this book
Chapter 11

(1.61) We have now explained, then, what Charran is, and why the man who left the well of the oath came there. We must now consider the third point, which comes next: what the place is to which this man came; for it is said, "He met him in the place." (1.62) Place is considered in three ways: firstly, as a situation filled by a body; secondly, as a divine word which God himself has filled wholly and entirely with incorporeal powers; for the scripture says, "I have seen the place in which the God of Israel stood," the only place in which he permitted his prophet to offer sacrifice to him, forbidding him to do so anywhere else. For he is ordered to go up into the place which the Lord God shall choose, and there to sacrifice burnt offerings and sacrifices for salvation, and also to bring other victims without spot. (1.63) According to the third signification, God himself is called a place, because he surrounds the universe and is himself surrounded by nothing whatever,⁠ because he is the refuge of all people, and because he is his own district, containing himself and resembling himself alone. (1.64) I am not a place, but I am in a place, and so is every existing being. So what is surrounded differs from what surrounds it; but the Deity, being surrounded by nothing, is necessarily itself its own place. And there is evidence for my view of the matter in the following sacred oracle about Abraham: "He came to the place of which the Lord God had told him: and having looked up with his eyes, he saw the place far off." (1.65) Tell me, then, did the one who had come to the place see it far off? Or perhaps it is a single expression used for two different things, one of which is the divine word, and the other, God, who existed before the world. (1.66) But the one guided by wisdom comes to the first place, having found that the main part and end of propitiation is the divine word, and whoever is fixed in it does not yet rise high enough to penetrate to the essence of God, but sees him far off; or rather, he cannot even behold him far off, and discerns only this fact, that God is at a distance from every creature, and that any comprehension of him is far removed from all human intellect. (1.67) Perhaps, however, the historian, in this allegorical expression, does not mean the Cause of all things by the word "place,"; but the idea he intends to convey may be something like this: --he came to the place, and looking up with his eyes he saw the very place to which he had come, which was a very long way from the God who may not be named or spoken of, and who is in every way incomprehensible.

Book 2

Texts in conversation

Compare Philo, On Dreams 1.63 and Genesis Rabbah 68:9

Classical · Rabbinic

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Summary

Philo explains the divine name Place by saying God contains the universe and is contained by nothing, harmonizing the traditions in the Hebrew Bible with Hellenistic philosophy. Rabbinic tradition in Genesis Rabbah uses language very similar to Philo.

Passages

Philo, On Dreams 1.63

Classical
(1.61) We have now explained, then, what Charran is, and why the man who left the well of the oath came there. We must now consider the third point, which comes next: what the place is to which this man came; for it is said, "He met him in the place." (1.62) Place is considered in three ways: firstly, as a situation filled by a body; secondly, as a divine word which God himself has filled wholly and entirely with incorporeal powers; for the scripture says, "I have seen the place in which the God of Israel stood," the only place in which he permitted his prophet to offer sacrifice to him, forbidding him to do so anywhere else. For he is ordered to go up into the place which the Lord God shall choose, and there to sacrifice burnt offerings and sacrifices for salvation, and also to bring other victims without spot. (1.63) According to the third signification, God himself is called a place, because he surrounds the universe and is himself surrounded by nothing whatever, because he is the refuge of all people, and because he is his own district, containing himself and resembling himself alone.
20–50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Philo, On Dreams Book 1

Genesis Rabbah 68:9

Rabbinic · Aggadah
“He encountered the place and spent the night there because the sun had set; he took from the stones of the place, which he placed beneath his head, and lay down in that place” (Genesis 28:11). “He encountered [vayifga] the place” – Rav Huna said in the name of Rabbi Ami: Why do they change the name of the Holy One blessed be He and call Him the Omnipresent [hamakom]? It is because He is the place [mekomo] of the world, and His world is not His place. From what is written: “Behold, there is a place [makom] with Me” (Exodus 33:21) – the Holy One blessed be He is the place of the world, and His world is not His place.
500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis Rabbah

References

“... But by the time of Philo the term “place” as an appellation of God, the origin of which has been variously explained, must have already been in common usage in Palestinian Judaism. As interpreted in later Jewish sources, it meant that “God is the place of the world, but His world is not His place,” that is to say, God is everywhere in the corporeal world, thereby exercising His individual providence, but He is no part of the corporeal world and is unlike anything in it. In Greek philosophy, the use of the term “place” as an appellation of God does not occur, but a suggestion for the use of it does occur, and that suggestion may have been made perhaps before the time of Philo. [...] In view of all this, Philo could not remain satisfied with the mere statement that God is “prior to place and Logos.” He wanted to reaffirm the Jewish application of the term place to God, but, in order to safeguard it against misunderstanding, he wanted also to explain what to his mind was its real meaning. And so we shall now try to show how Philo continues to argue that, while God cannot be described as the place of the created Logos in the sense of His being identical with it, there are other senses in which God can be described as the place of the created Logos as well as the place of all other created things. “The term place,” says Philo, “has a threefold meaning: firstly, that of a space filled by a body; secondly, that of the divine Logos.” ...”
Harry Austryn Wolfson, Philo Foundations of Religious Philosophy in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962), 247–248.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Philo, On Dreams 1.63 and Genesis Rabbah 68:9

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