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Philippians

About this book
Chapter 2

1 Therefore, if there is any encouragement in Christ, any comfort provided by love, any fellowship in the Spirit, any affection or mercy, 2 complete my joy and be of the same mind, by having the same love, being united in spirit, and having one purpose. 3 Instead of being motivated by selfish ambition or vanity, each of you should, in humility, be moved to treat one another as more important than yourself. 4 Each of you should be concerned not only about your own interests, but about the interests of others as well.⁠ 5 You should have the same attitude toward one another that Christ Jesus had, 6 who, though he existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with Godas something to be grasped, 7 but emptied himself by taking on the form of a slave, by looking like other men, and by sharing in human nature.⁠ 8 He humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death—even death on a cross! 9 As a result God highly exalted him and gave him the name that is above every name, 10 so that at the name of Jesus every knee will bow—in⁠ heaven and on earth and under the earth— 11 and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father. 12 So then, my dear friends, just as you have always obeyed, not only in my presence but even more in my absence, continue working out your salvation with awe and reverence, 13 for the one bringing forth in you both the desire and the effort—for the sake of his good pleasure—is God. 14 Do everything without grumbling or arguing,⁠ 15 so that you may be blameless and pure, children of God without blemish though you live in a crooked and perverse society, in which you shine as lights in the world⁠ 16 by holding on to the word of life so that on the day of Christ I will have a reason to boast: that I did not run in vain nor labor in vain. 17 But even if I am being poured out like a drink offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I am glad and rejoice together with all of you.⁠ 18 And in the same way you also should be glad and rejoice together with me. 19 Now I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy to you soon, so that I, too, may be encouraged by hearing news about you. 20 For there is no one here like him who will readily demonstrate his deep concern for you. 21 Others are busy with their own concerns, not those of Jesus Christ. 22 But you know his qualifications that like a son working with his father, he served with me in advancing the gospel. 23 So I hope to send him as soon as I know more about my situation, 24 though I am confident in the Lord that I, too, will be coming to see you soon. 25 But for now I have considered it necessary to send Epaphroditus to you. For he is my brother, coworker and fellow soldier, and your messenger and minister to me in my need. 26 Indeed, he greatly missed all of you and was distressed because you heard that he had been ill. 27 In fact he became so ill that he nearly died. But God showed mercy to him—and not to him only, but also to me—so that I would not have grief on top of grief. 28 Therefore I am all the more eager to send him, so that when you see him again you can rejoice and I can be free from anxiety. 29 So welcome him in the Lord with great joy, and honor people like him, 30 since it was because of the work of Christ that he almost died. He risked his life so that he could make up for your inability to serve me.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 53:12 and Philippians 2:7

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Isaiah 53 describes God’s servant who is despised, abased, and gives himself over to death, then is highly exalted. Paul uses this language to tell the Philippians that Jesus became a servant, humbled himself to death, and was highly exalted by God.

Passages

Isaiah 53:12

Hebrew Bible
10 Though the Lord desired to crush him and make him ill, once restitution is made, he will see descendants and enjoy long life, and the Lord’s purpose will be accomplished through him. 11 Having suffered, he will reflect on his work, he will be satisfied when he understands what he has done. “My servant will acquit many, for he carried their sins. 12 So I will assign him a portion with the multitudes, he will divide the spoils of victory with the powerful, because he willingly submitted to death and was numbered with the rebels, when he lifted up the sin of many and intervened on behalf of the rebels.”
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Philippians 2:7

New Testament
5 You should have the same attitude toward one another that Christ Jesus had, 6 who, though he existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with Godas something to be grasped, 7 but emptied himself by taking on the form of a slave, by looking like other men, and by sharing in human nature. 8 He humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death—even death on a cross! 9 As a result God highly exalted him and gave him the name that is above every name,
56–63 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Philippians

References

... If Philippians 2.6-9 offers an exegetical reflection on the fourth Servant Song, this is of great importance for the place of Jesus’ resurrection within the thought of the hymn. Within Second Temple Judaism the Servant’s exaltation, although interpreted in a variety of ways, was widely regarded as involving resurrection from the dead, and the fourth Song thus became an important focus point of theological reflection on the resurrection in the Second Temple period (e.g. Wisdom of Solomon 2.12–5.13; Daniel 12.2-3). In harmony with this particular line of ancient Jewish interpretation and in combination with a messianic reading of the passage, Paul in his allusions to the fourth Servant Song elsewhere in his letters explicitly correlates Jesus’ resurrection with the exaltation of the Servant (Romans 4.24-5; 8.34; 1 Corinthians 15.3-5). That Philippians 2.9-11 is an exception seems highly unlikely. Philippians 2.7 ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν ("he emptied himself") cf. Isaiah 53.12, "he emptied out his soul unto death"; Philippians 2.7 μορφὴν δούλου ("form of a servant") cf. Isaiah 52.13, 53.11, "my servant" (Aquila, δούλου μου); Philippians 2.8 ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτόν ("he abased himself") cf. Isaiah 53.4, "abased"; Philippians 2.8 μέχρι θανάτου ("unto death") cf. Isaiah 53.12, "unto death"; Philippians 2.9 αὐτὸν ὑπερύψωσεν ("he highly exalted him") cf. Isaiah 52.13, "he will be exalted and lifted up and highly exalted" ...
James Ware, “‘The Word of Life’: Resurrection and Mission in Philippians,” in Paul as Missionary: Identity, Activity, Theology, and Practice, ed. Trevor J. Burke and Brian S. Rosner (London: T&T Clark International, 2011), 215–216.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 53:12 and Philippians 2:7

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