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Philippians

About this book
Chapter 2

1 Therefore, if there is any encouragement in Christ, any comfort provided by love, any fellowship in the Spirit, any affection or mercy, 2 complete my joy and be of the same mind, by having the same love, being united in spirit, and having one purpose. 3 Instead of being motivated by selfish ambition or vanity, each of you should, in humility, be moved to treat one another as more important than yourself. 4 Each of you should be concerned not only about your own interests, but about the interests of others as well.⁠ 5 You should have the same attitude toward one another that Christ Jesus had, 6 who, though he existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with Godas something to be grasped, 7 but emptied himself by taking on the form of a slave, by looking like other men, and by sharing in human nature.⁠ 8 He humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death—even death on a cross! 9 As a result God highly exalted him and gave him the name that is above every name, 10 so that at the name of Jesus every knee will bow—in⁠ heaven and on earth and under the earth— 11 and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father. 12 So then, my dear friends, just as you have always obeyed, not only in my presence but even more in my absence, continue working out your salvation with awe and reverence, 13 for the one bringing forth in you both the desire and the effort—for the sake of his good pleasure—is God. 14 Do everything without grumbling or arguing,⁠ 15 so that you may be blameless and pure, children of God without blemish though you live in a crooked and perverse society, in which you shine as lights in the world⁠ 16 by holding on to the word of life so that on the day of Christ I will have a reason to boast: that I did not run in vain nor labor in vain. 17 But even if I am being poured out like a drink offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I am glad and rejoice together with all of you.⁠ 18 And in the same way you also should be glad and rejoice together with me. 19 Now I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy to you soon, so that I, too, may be encouraged by hearing news about you. 20 For there is no one here like him who will readily demonstrate his deep concern for you. 21 Others are busy with their own concerns, not those of Jesus Christ. 22 But you know his qualifications that like a son working with his father, he served with me in advancing the gospel. 23 So I hope to send him as soon as I know more about my situation, 24 though I am confident in the Lord that I, too, will be coming to see you soon. 25 But for now I have considered it necessary to send Epaphroditus to you. For he is my brother, coworker and fellow soldier, and your messenger and minister to me in my need. 26 Indeed, he greatly missed all of you and was distressed because you heard that he had been ill. 27 In fact he became so ill that he nearly died. But God showed mercy to him—and not to him only, but also to me—so that I would not have grief on top of grief. 28 Therefore I am all the more eager to send him, so that when you see him again you can rejoice and I can be free from anxiety. 29 So welcome him in the Lord with great joy, and honor people like him, 30 since it was because of the work of Christ that he almost died. He risked his life so that he could make up for your inability to serve me.

Texts in conversation

Compare Philippians 2:4 and Hierocles, On Relatives

New Testament · Classical

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Summary

Philippians teaches believers to care about others’ interests, not just their own. Hierocles, a second-century Stoic philosopher, teaches a similar ethic of giving to others in relationships.

Passages

Philippians 2:4

New Testament
3 Instead of being motivated by selfish ambition or vanity, each of you should, in humility, be moved to treat one another as more important than yourself. 4 Each of you should be concerned not only about your own interests, but about the interests of others as well. 5 You should have the same attitude toward one another that Christ Jesus had,
56–63 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Philippians

Hierocles, On Relatives

Classical · How One Should Behave toward One's Relatives
Next to this is that which contains the common people, then that which comprehends those of the same tribe, afterwards that which contains the citizens; and then two other circles follow, one being the circle of those that dwell in the vicinity of the city, and the other, of those of the same province. But the outermost and greatest circle, and which comprehends all the other circles, is that of the whole human race. These things being thus considered, it is the province of him who strives to conduct him self properly in each of these connections to collect, in a certain respect, the circles, as it were, to one centre, and always to endeavor earnestly to transfer himself from the comprehending circles to the several particulars which they comprehend. It pertains, therefore, to the man who is a lover of kindred [to conduct himself in a becoming manner] towards his parents and brothers; also, according to the same analogy, towards the more elderly of his relatives of both sexes, such as grandfathers, uncles and aunts; towards those of the same age with himself, as his cousins; and towards his juniors, as the children of his cousins. Hence we have summarily shown how we ought to conduct ourselves towards our kindred, having before taught how we should act towards ourselves, our parents, and brothers; and besides these, towards our wife and children.
120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hierocles, On Relatives

References

... Similarly, Hierocles in the second century CE discusses the concentric circles by which people should understand their relationships with each other. The person stands at the center. The second circle contains one’s parents, siblings, wife, and children. The circles continue outward to encompass various kinship relations, fellow citizens, and finally the entire human race. The goal is to try to draw the outermost circles inward in order to reduce the distance of one’s relationship to each person. But again, the most basic relationship includes all humanity. The Stoics, and in particular Cicero and Seneca, taught people to develop the rational capacity and to live virtuously by basing specific rules upon the foundational principle of unity. The Stoic concept of oikeiôsis connected the Stoic concern to live according to nature or virtue and the obligation to take care of one’s fellow human beings by making the person’s identity as part of universal humanity the starting point for social ethics ...
Michelle V. Lee, Paul, the Stoics, and the Body of Christ, SNTSMS 137 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 67–69.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Philippians 2:4 and Hierocles, On Relatives

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