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Philemon

1 From Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and Timothy our brother, to Philemon, our dear friend and colaborer, 2 to Apphia our sister, to Archippus our fellow soldier, and to the church that meets in your house. 3 Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ! 4 I always thank my God as I remember you in my prayers, 5 because I hear of your faith in the Lord Jesus and your love for all the saints. 6 I pray that the faith you share with us may deepen your understanding of every blessing that belongs to you in Christ. 7 I have had great joy and encouragement because of your love, for the hearts of the saints have been refreshed through you, brother. 8 So, although I have quite a lot of confidence in Christ and could command you to do what is proper, 9 I would rather appeal to you on the basis of love—I,⁠ Paul, an old man and even now a prisoner for the sake of Christ Jesus— 10 I am appealing to you concerning my child, whose spiritual father I have become during my imprisonment, that is, Onesimus,⁠ 11 who was formerly useless to you, but is now useful to you and me.⁠ 12 I have sent him (who is my very heart) back to you.⁠ 13 I wanted to keep him with me so that he could serve me in your place during my imprisonment for the sake of the gospel. 14 However, without your consent I did not want to do anything so that your good deed would not be out of compulsion, but from your own willingness. 15 For perhaps it was for this reason that he was separated from you for a little while so that you would have him back eternally, 16 no longer as a slave, but more than a slave, as a dear brother.⁠ He is especially so to me, and even more so to you now, both humanly speaking and in the Lord. 17 Therefore if you regard me as a partner, accept him as you would me. 18 Now if he has defrauded you of anything or owes you anything, charge what he owes to me. 19 I, Paul, have written this letter with my own hand: I will repay it. I could also mention that you owe me your very self. 20 Yes, brother, let me have some benefit from you in the Lord. Refresh my heart in Christ. 21 Since I was confident that you would obey, I wrote to you because I knew that you would do even more than what I am asking you to do. 22 At the same time also, prepare a place for me to stay, for I hope that through your prayers I will be given back to you. 23 Epaphras, my fellow prisoner in Christ Jesus, greets you. 24 Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my colaborers, greet you too. 25 May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 33:31 and Philemon 1:16

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Sirach tells slaveholders to treat their slaves as brothers and warns that ill-treated slaves will run away. Paul writes to Philemon about his runaway slave Onesimus and echoes this brother language in asking for him to be welcomed back.

Passages

Sirach 33:31

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
30 Set him to work, as is fit for him. If he doesn’t obey, make his fetters heavy. Don’t be excessive toward any. Do nothing unjust. 31 If you have a slave, treat him like yourself, because you have bought him with blood. If you have a slave, treat him like yourself. For like your own soul, you will need him. 32 If you treat him ill, and he departs and runs away, 33 which way will you go to seek him?
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Philemon 1:16

New Testament
15 For perhaps it was for this reason that he was separated from you for a little while so that you would have him back eternally, 16 no longer as a slave, but more than a slave, as a dear brother. He is especially so to me, and even more so to you now, both humanly speaking and in the Lord. 17 Therefore if you regard me as a partner, accept him as you would me.
55–63 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Philemon

References

... This legacy of ambiguity continued into the Greco-Roman era. Ben Sira’s instructions during the early second-century BCE evince a decided cynicism toward slaves that is consistent with scriptural proverbs, which state that slaves do not respond to verbal discipline (Proverbs 29:19) and that pampered slaves will become ungrateful (29:21). For Ben Sira, there exists no tension between his advice to treat slaves well and to torture recalcitrant slaves. Further, a slave should be treated ‘like a brother,’ not for the sake of altruism, but because of the cost and productivity of a slave – and the difficulty of tracking down a runaway (Sirach 33:25–33). Nor do Greek and Roman thinkers provide the logic of liberation ...
John R. Levison, “Paul’s Letter to Philemon,” in The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament, ed. David Edward Aune, The Blackwell Companions to Religion (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010), 527.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 33:31 and Philemon 1:16

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