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Philemon

1 From Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and Timothy our brother, to Philemon, our dear friend and colaborer, 2 to Apphia our sister, to Archippus our fellow soldier, and to the church that meets in your house. 3 Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ! 4 I always thank my God as I remember you in my prayers, 5 because I hear of your faith in the Lord Jesus and your love for all the saints. 6 I pray that the faith you share with us may deepen your understanding of every blessing that belongs to you in Christ. 7 I have had great joy and encouragement because of your love, for the hearts of the saints have been refreshed through you, brother. 8 So, although I have quite a lot of confidence in Christ and could command you to do what is proper, 9 I would rather appeal to you on the basis of love—I,⁠ Paul, an old man and even now a prisoner for the sake of Christ Jesus— 10 I am appealing to you concerning my child, whose spiritual father I have become during my imprisonment, that is, Onesimus,⁠ 11 who was formerly useless to you, but is now useful to you and me.⁠ 12 I have sent him (who is my very heart) back to you.⁠ 13 I wanted to keep him with me so that he could serve me in your place during my imprisonment for the sake of the gospel. 14 However, without your consent I did not want to do anything so that your good deed would not be out of compulsion, but from your own willingness. 15 For perhaps it was for this reason that he was separated from you for a little while so that you would have him back eternally, 16 no longer as a slave, but more than a slave, as a dear brother.⁠ He is especially so to me, and even more so to you now, both humanly speaking and in the Lord. 17 Therefore if you regard me as a partner, accept him as you would me. 18 Now if he has defrauded you of anything or owes you anything, charge what he owes to me. 19 I, Paul, have written this letter with my own hand: I will repay it. I could also mention that you owe me your very self. 20 Yes, brother, let me have some benefit from you in the Lord. Refresh my heart in Christ. 21 Since I was confident that you would obey, I wrote to you because I knew that you would do even more than what I am asking you to do. 22 At the same time also, prepare a place for me to stay, for I hope that through your prayers I will be given back to you. 23 Epaphras, my fellow prisoner in Christ Jesus, greets you. 24 Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my colaborers, greet you too. 25 May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 23:15 and Philemon 1:12

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Deuteronomy 23 forbids returning a runaway slave to his master and grants him refuge. Paul’s letter to Philemon ignores this command, sending Onesimus back to his slaveholder and asking only that he be welcomed as a brother.

Passages

Deuteronomy 23:15

Hebrew Bible
14 For the Lord your God walks about in the middle of your camp to deliver you and defeat your enemies for you. Therefore your camp should be holy, so that he does not see anything indecent among you and turn away from you. 15 You must not return an escaped slave to his master when he has run away to you. 16 Indeed, he may live among you in any place he chooses, in whichever of your villages he prefers; you must not oppress him.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Philemon 1:12

New Testament
10 I am appealing to you concerning my child, whose spiritual father I have become during my imprisonment, that is, Onesimus, 11 who was formerly useless to you, but is now useful to you and me. 12 I have sent him (who is my very heart) back to you. 13 I wanted to keep him with me so that he could serve me in your place during my imprisonment for the sake of the gospel.
55–63 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Philemon

References

... The Deuteronomic law runs as follows: ‘You shall not give up to his master a slave who has escaped from his master to you; he shall dwell with you, in your midst, in the place which he shall choose within one of your towns, where it pleases him best; you shall not oppress him’ (Deuteronomy 23:15-16). This is unparalleled in the legislation of the ancient Near East, where severe sanctions (even the death penalty, as in Law 16 of Hammurabi’s code) were imposed on anyone harbouring a runaway slave. The Israelites had good reason to know that God cared for runaway slaves. To Paul this enactment carried divine authority; even so, he would not invoke it without Philemon’s consent, preferring Philemon to act like a Christian of his own free will ...
F. F. Bruce, Paul, Apostle of the Heart Set Free (Paternoster, 1977), 455.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 23:15 and Philemon 1:12

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