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Onkelos Genesis

About this book

Abraham's Other Children

Chapter 25

1 And Abraham married another wife, and her name was Keturah; 2 and she bore to him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. 3 And Jokshan fathered Sheba, and Dedan; and the sons of Dedan have been in camps and tents and islands. 4 And the sons of Midian, Ephah, and Epher, and Hanoch, and Abida, and Eldaah: all these the sons of Keturah. 5 And Abraham gave all that he had to Isaac. 6 But Abraham gave gifts to the sons of his concubine, and sent them from his son Isaac, while he was still alive, eastward in the land of the sunrise.

The Death of Abraham

7 And these are the days of the years of the life of Abraham that he lived, a hundred and seventy-five years. 8 And Abraham breathed his last and died in a good old age, aged, and full of days; and he was gathered to his people. 9 And Isaac and Ishmael his sons buried him in the twofold cave in the field of Ephron bar Zohar, the Hittite, which is before Mamre; 10 the field which Abraham bought from the sons of Heth: there they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife. 11 And it was after the death of Abraham that the Lord blessed Isaac his son, and Isaac lived at the well over which the Eternal Angel had appeared.

The Descendants of Ishmael

12 And these are the descendants of Ishmael bar Abraham, whom Hagar the Egyptian, the female servant of Sarah, bore to Abraham. 13 And these are the names of the sons of Ishmael by their names in the order of their birth. The firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth; and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam, 14 and Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa; 15 Hadad, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. 16 These are the sons of Ishmael, and these are their names in their villages and their towns, twelve chiefs of their peoples. 17 And these are the years of the life of Ishmael, a hundred and thirty-seven years. And he breathed his last and died, and was gathered to his people. 18 And they have lived from Havilah to Hagra, which faces Egypt, reaching to Assyria. In the presence of all his brothers he lived.

The Birth of Esau and Jacob

19 And these are the descendants of Isaac bar Abraham. Abraham fathered Isaac; 20 and Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel the Aramean of Paddan-aram, the sister of Laban the Aramean, to be his wife. 21 And Isaac prayed before the Lord for his wife, because she was unable to have children; and the Lord listened to his prayer, and Rebekah his wife conceived. 22 And the children struggled in her womb; and she said, If this is so, why have I conceived? And she went to seek instruction before the Lord: 23 and the Lord said to her, Two nations are in your womb, and two kingdoms shall be separated from your womb, and one kingdom shall be stronger than the other, and the older shall be subject to the younger. 24 And her time came to give birth. And, look, twins were in her womb. 25 And the first came out red, covered all over with hair like a garment; and they named him Esau. 26 And afterwards came out his brother, and his hand grasped the heel of Esau, and they named him Jacob. And Isaac was sixty years old when he fathered them. 27 And the youths grew; and Esau was a skilled hunter, a man going out into the field; and Jacob was a man of peace, one who served in the study house.⁠ 28 And Isaac loved Esau, because he ate what he hunted, and Rebekah loved Jacob.

Esau Sells His Birthright

29 And Jacob cooked stew, and Esau came from the field, and he was exhausted. 30 And Esau said to Jacob, Please let me taste that red stew, that red stew, for I am exhausted. Therefore he was named Edom: 31 and Jacob said, Sell today your birthright to me. 32 And Esau said, Look, I am going to die, and what is this birthright to me? 33 And Jacob said, Swear to me today; and he swore to him and he sold his birthright to Jacob. 34 And Jacob gave to Esau bread and lentil stew. And he ate and drank, and arose, and went: and Esau despised the birthright.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 25:27 and Jubilees 19:14 and Onkelos Genesis 25:27

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Targum

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Summary

Genesis 25 describes Jacob living in tents, and the plural led interpreters to think he lived in more than one. Jubilees and the Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos interpret this to mean Jacob was well educated, with one of the tents used for study.

Passages

Genesis 25:27

Hebrew Bible
25 The first came out reddish all over, like a hairy garment, so they named him Esau. 26 When his brother came out with his hand clutching Esau’s heel, they named him Jacob. Isaac was sixty years old when they were born. 27 When the boys grew up, Esau became a skilled hunter, a man of the open fields, but Jacob was an even-tempered man, living in tents. 28 Isaac loved Esau because he had a taste for fresh game, but Rebekah loved Jacob.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jubilees 19:14

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
13 And in the sixth week, in the second year of it [2046], Rebekah bore to Isaac two sons, Jacob and Esau, and Jacob was a smooth and upright man, and Esau was fierce, a man of the field, and hairy, and Jacob lived in tents. 14 And the youths grew, and Jacob learned to write; but Esau did not learn, for he was a man of the field and a hunter, and he learned war, and all his deeds were fierce. 15 And Abraham loved Jacob, but Isaac loved Esau.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

Onkelos Genesis 25:27

Targum
25 And the first came out red, covered all over with hair like a garment; and they named him Esau. 26 And afterwards came out his brother, and his hand grasped the heel of Esau, and they named him Jacob. And Isaac was sixty years old when he fathered them. 27 And the youths grew; and Esau was a skilled hunter, a man going out into the field; and Jacob was a man of peace, one who served in the study house. 28 And Isaac loved Esau, because he ate what he hunted, and Rebekah loved Jacob.
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Genesis

References

"... what did the Bible mean by describing Jacob as 'dwelling in tents'? Interpreters were struck by the plural tents here—does a person need more than one tent to dwell in? If the word appears in the plural, it must have been intended as a subtle hint that, in addition to staying in his own tent, Jacob also regularly spent time, 'dwelt,' in another tent. And what sort of tent might that be, if not that of a schoolteacher who could instruct the boy in reading and writing? Perhaps, indeed, the other tent was a full-blown schoolhouse of Jewish learning. (Such apparent anachronisms were, curiously, not a problem for ancient interpreters.) ..."
James L. Kugel, The Bible as It Was (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 201.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 25:27 and Jubilees 19:14 and Onkelos Genesis 25:27

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