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On the Origin of the World

About this book

Paradise

Chapter 13

Justice next created Paradise. It was beautiful and lay outside the orbit of the moon and the orbit of the sun,⁠ inside the Land of Delight, in the east among the stones, and desire dwells among the beautiful, satisfying trees, and the tree of eternal life appeared, in accord with the will of God, to the north of Paradise, in order that the souls of the saints could become deathless, those who shall emerge from the lowly shaped forms at the consummation of the age. The color of the tree of life resembles the sun, and its branches are lovely. Its leaves resemble those of the cypress. Its fruit resembles a cluster of grapes when white. Its height reaches up to heaven, and beside it (is) the tree of knowledge, possessing the strength of God. Its glory resembles the moon when it is in full light, and its branches are lovely. Its leaves resemble fig leaves. Its fruit resembles a good, satisfying date, and this tree is to the north of Paradise, in order that it could shake souls from the lethargy of the demons, in order that they could draw near to the tree of life, and eat of its fruit, and in this way denounce the authorities and their angels. The impact of this tree is detailed in holy Scripture, namely: “You are the tree of knowledge, which is in Paradise, from which the first man ate, and which opened his mind, and he loved his female companion, and denounced the other alien likenesses, even despising them.” After this, the olive tree sprouted up to sanctify kings and high priests of righteousness, who were to appear in the last days, given that the olive tree appeared from out of the light of the first Adam to supply the anointing they were to obtain.

Texts in conversation

Compare Jubilees 2:7 and Gospel of Thomas 19 and On the Origin of the World 13:2

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In Jubilees, Eden exists before the sun and moon. The trees without seasons in the Gospel of Thomas may echo this idea of paradise, while On the Origin of the World places paradise beyond the paths of the sun and moon.

Passages

Jubilees 2:7

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
6 And the waters did so as He commanded them, and they withdrew from the surface of the earth into one place outside of this vault of the sky, and the dry land appeared. 7 And on that day He created for them all the seas according to their separate gathering places, and all the rivers, and the gatherings of the waters in the mountains and on all the earth, and all the lakes, and all the dew of the earth, and the seed which is sown, and all sprouting things, and fruit-bearing trees, and forest trees, and the garden of Eden, in Eden and all plants according to their kinds. These four great works God created on the third day. 8 And on the fourth day He created the sun and the moon and the stars, and set them in the vault of the sky, to give light on all the earth, and to rule over the day and the night, and divide the light from the darkness.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

Gospel of Thomas 19

Nag Hammadi
18 The disciples said to Jesus, “Tell us how our end will be.” Jesus said, “Have you discovered the beginning, that you are seeking the end? For where the beginning is, there the end will be. Blessed is the one who stands at the beginning: that one will know the end and will not taste death.” 19 Jesus said, “Blessed is the one who existed before coming into being. If you become my disciples and listen to my words, these stones will serve you. For you have five trees in paradise which do not change, summer or winter, and their leaves do not fall. Whoever knows them will not taste death.” 20 The disciples said to Jesus, “Tell us what the kingdom of heaven is like.” He said to them, “It is like a mustard seed, the smallest of all seeds; but when it falls on plowed soil it produces a great plant and becomes a shelter for birds of the sky.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

On the Origin of the World 13:2

Nag Hammadi
Justice next created Paradise. It was beautiful and lay outside the orbit of the moon and the orbit of the sun, inside the Land of Delight, in the east among the stones, and desire dwells among the beautiful, satisfying trees, and the tree of eternal life appeared, in accord with the will of God, to the north of Paradise, in order that the souls of the saints could become deathless, those who shall emerge from the lowly shaped forms at the consummation of the age. The color of the tree of life resembles the sun, and its branches are lovely.
270–330 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in On the Origin of the World

References

“... 19.3 Which do not move in summer or winter, and whose leaves do not fall. There are two dimensions to the imagery here. First, these trees in paradise do not ‘move’, a term elsewhere negatively valued in contrast to ‘rest’ and ‘standing’. This evokes the theme of stability, which recently appeared in 18.3 (on the theme, see further on 16.4 above). Secondly, and relatedly, the trees are unaffected by the seasons. The reason for this is probably the widespread idea that paradise came into being before the creation of the sun and moon, and therefore because of its prior existence is not subject to their influence. The paradisal house in the Gospel of Judas is ‘the place where the sun and the moon will not have dominion’ (Gos. Jud. 45,14–24). More explicit on this theme is Origin of the World, which talks of ‘paradise, which is beautiful and is outside the orbit of the moon and the orbit of the sun in the land of wantonness …’ (Origin 110,2–6). This goes back to Jubilees, in which paradise is created on the third day, before the luminaries which are created on the fourth day: for this reason, paradise can be envisaged as outside of time. ...”
Simon Gathercole, The Gospel of Thomas: Introduction and Commentary (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 292.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jubilees 2:7 and Gospel of Thomas 19 and On the Origin of the World 13:2

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