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Numbers

About this book
Chapter 36

1 Then the heads of the family groups of the Gileadites, the descendant of Machir, the descendant of Manasseh, who were from the Josephite families, approached and spoke before Moses and the leaders who were the heads of the Israelite families. 2 They said, “The Lord commanded my lord to give the land as an inheritance by lot to the Israelites; and my lord was commanded by the Lord to give the inheritance of our brother Zelophehad to his daughters. 3 Now if they should be married to one of the men from another Israelite tribe, their inheritance would be taken from the inheritance of our fathers and added to the inheritance of the tribe into which they marry. As a result, it will be taken from the lot of our inheritance. 4 And when the Jubilee of the Israelites is to take place, their inheritance will be added to the inheritance of the tribe into which they marry. So their inheritance will be taken away from the inheritance of our ancestral tribe.” 5 Then Moses gave a ruling to the Israelites by the word of the Lord: “What the tribe of the Josephites is saying is right. 6 This is what the Lord has commanded for Zelophehad’s daughters: ‘Let them marry whomever they think best, only they must marry within the family of their father’s tribe.⁠ 7 In this way the inheritance of the Israelites will not be transferred from tribe to tribe. But every one of the Israelites must retain the ancestral heritage.⁠ 8 And every daughter who possesses an inheritance from any of the tribes of the Israelites must become the wife of a man from any family in her father’s tribe, so that every Israelite may retain the inheritance of his fathers. 9 No inheritance may pass from tribe to tribe. But every one of the tribes of the Israelites must retain its inheritance.’” 10 As the Lord had commanded Moses, so the daughters of Zelophehad did. 11 For the daughters of Zelophehad—Mahlah, Tirzah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Noah—were married to the sons of their uncles. 12 They were married into the families of the Manassehites, the descendants of Joseph, and their inheritance remained in the tribe of their father’s family. 13 These are the commandments and the decisions that the Lord commanded the Israelites through the authority of Moses, in the rift valley plains by Moab along the Jordan River opposite Jericho.

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 36:7 and 1 Kings 21:3

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Numbers establishes the principle that ancestral land must remain within each of the twelve tribes, preventing transfer across tribal lines. In 1 Kings, Naboth refuses the king’s request to sell his vineyard, citing this same principle.

Passages

Numbers 36:7

Hebrew Bible
5 Then Moses gave a ruling to the Israelites by the word of the Lord: “What the tribe of the Josephites is saying is right. 6 This is what the Lord has commanded for Zelophehad’s daughters: ‘Let them marry whomever they think best, only they must marry within the family of their father’s tribe. 7 In this way the inheritance of the Israelites will not be transferred from tribe to tribe. But every one of the Israelites must retain the ancestral heritage. 8 And every daughter who possesses an inheritance from any of the tribes of the Israelites must become the wife of a man from any family in her father’s tribe, so that every Israelite may retain the inheritance of his fathers. 9 No inheritance may pass from tribe to tribe. But every one of the tribes of the Israelites must retain its inheritance.’”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

1 Kings 21:3

Hebrew Bible
1 After this the following episode took place. Naboth the Jezreelite owned a vineyard in Jezreel adjacent to the palace of King Ahab of Samaria. 2 Ahab said to Naboth, “Give me your vineyard so I can make a vegetable garden out of it, for it is adjacent to my palace. I will give you an even better vineyard in its place, or if you prefer, I will pay you silver for it.” 3 But Naboth replied to Ahab, “The Lord forbid that I should sell you my ancestral inheritance.” 4 So Ahab went into his palace, bitter and angry that Naboth the Jezreelite had said, “I will not sell to you my ancestral inheritance.” He lay down on his bed, pouted, and would not eat. 5 Then his wife Jezebel came in and said to him, “Why do you have a bitter attitude and refuse to eat?”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Kings

References

"... the narrative depicts not just a greedy king, a cunning wife and a helpless peasant, but rather the confrontation of two land ideologies. Ahab and Jezebel represent the idea of royal control over the land, a concept that is also reflected in the short narrative of 2 Kings 8:1-6, where the Shunammite woman, after a prolonged absence from her land due to a severe drought, receives back her land (as well as all of the benefits from the produce of the land) after a special intervention of Gehazi, the former servant of the prophet Elijah. On the other side, Naboth is faithful to the principle of the ancestral household concept based upon the divinely designated tribal allotments (Numbers 36:7-9). The violent resolution of this conflict, resulting in the death of Naboth, the taking over of the property by the royal household and the subsequent condemnation of the royal house of Ahab by the prophet Elisha (1 Kings 21), illustrates the importance of this principle in ancient Israel. It is this conflict over land and divinely established legal principles that Samuel describes in his passionate plea to the people of Israel to reconsider their request for a king in 1 Samuel 8:10-18 ..."
Bill T. Arnold, Dictionary of the Old Testament: Historical Books (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2005), 6.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Numbers 36:7 and 1 Kings 21:3

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