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Numbers

About this book
Chapter 27

1 Then the daughters of Zelophehad son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh of the families of Manasseh, the son of Joseph came forward. Now these are the names of his daughters: Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah.⁠ 2 And they stood before Moses and Eleazar the priest and the leaders of the whole assembly at the entrance to the tent of meeting and said, 3 “Our father died in the wilderness, although he was not part of the company of those that gathered themselves together against the Lord in the company of Korah, but he died for his own sin, and he had no sons. 4 Why should the name of our father be lost from among his family because he had no son? Give us a possession among the relatives of our father.” 5 So Moses brought their case before the Lord. 6 The Lord said to Moses: 7 “The daughters of Zelophehad have a valid claim. You must indeed give them possession of an inheritance among their father’s relatives, and you must transfer the inheritance of their father to them. 8 And you must tell the Israelites, ‘If a man dies and has no son, then you must transfer his inheritance to his daughter; 9 and if he has no daughter, then you are to give his inheritance to his brothers; 10 and if he has no brothers, then you are to give his inheritance to his father’s brothers; 11 and if his father has no brothers, then you are to give his inheritance to his relative nearest to him from his family, and he will possess it. This will be for the Israelites a legal requirement, as the Lord commanded Moses.’” 12 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go up this mountain of the Abarim range, and see the land I have given to the Israelites.⁠ 13 When you have seen it, you will be gathered to your ancestors, as Aaron your brother was gathered to his ancestors. 14 For in the wilderness of Zin when the community rebelled against me, you rebelled against my command to show me as holy before their eyes over the water—the water of Meribah in Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin.” 15 Then Moses spoke to the Lord: 16 “Let the Lord, the God of the spirits of all humankind,⁠ appoint a man over the community, 17 who will go out before them, and who will come in before them, and who will lead them out, and who will bring them in, so that the community of the Lord may not be like sheep that have no shepherd.”⁠ 18 The Lord replied to Moses, “Take Joshua son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit, and lay your hand on him; 19 set him before Eleazar the priest and before the whole community, and commission him publicly. 20 Then you must delegate some of your authority to him, so that the whole community of the Israelites will be obedient. 21 And he will stand before Eleazar the priest, who will seek counsel for him before the Lord by the decision of the Urim. At his command they will go out, and at his command they will come in, he and all the Israelites with him, the whole community.” 22 So Moses did as the Lord commanded him; he took Joshua and set him before Eleazar the priest and before the whole community. 23 He laid his hands on him and commissioned him, just as the Lord commanded, by the authority of Moses.

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 27:17 and Isaiah 13:14

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In Numbers, Moses asks God for a leader so Israel will not be like sheep without a shepherd, and Joshua is appointed. Isaiah later uses this language when describing people scattering in fear, similarly comparing them to sheep without a shepherd.

Passages

Numbers 27:17

Hebrew Bible
15 Then Moses spoke to the Lord: 16 “Let the Lord, the God of the spirits of all humankind, appoint a man over the community, 17 who will go out before them, and who will come in before them, and who will lead them out, and who will bring them in, so that the community of the Lord may not be like sheep that have no shepherd.” 18 The Lord replied to Moses, “Take Joshua son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit, and lay your hand on him; 19 set him before Eleazar the priest and before the whole community, and commission him publicly.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

Isaiah 13:14

Hebrew Bible
12 I will make human beings more scarce than pure gold and people more scarce than gold from Ophir. 13 So I will shake the heavens, and the earth will shake loose from its foundation, because of the fury of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, in the day he vents his raging anger. 14 Like a frightened gazelle or a sheep with no shepherd, each will turn toward home, each will run to his homeland. 15 Everyone who is caught will be stabbed; everyone who is seized will die by the sword. 16 Their children will be smashed to pieces before their very eyes; their houses will be looted and their wives raped.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

References

"... The “sheep who have no shepherd” is an Old Testament expression that occurs several times; it should not be restricted to the sense of an individual Old Testament text. (Numbers 27:17; 2 Kings 22:17; 2 Chronicles 18:16; Judith 11:19; Ezekiel 34:5 ...) However, it is clear from the Old Testament language that one is thinking of the people of Israel. The open formulation permits a variety of understandings of need. For Matthew obviously the entire nation is in need. The stories of the sick told in chapters 8 and 9 are representative of all the people ..."
Ulrich Luz, Matthew 8–20: A Commentary, ed. Helmut Koester (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2001), 64.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Numbers 27:17 and Isaiah 13:14

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