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Numbers

About this book
Chapter 25

1 When Israel lived in Shittim, the people began to commit sexual immorality with the daughters of Moab. 2 These women invited the people to the sacrifices of their gods; then the people ate and bowed down to their gods.⁠ 3 When Israel joined themselves to Baal Peor, the anger of the Lord flared up against Israel.⁠ 4 The Lord said to Moses, “Arrest all the leaders of the people, and hang them up before the Lord in broad daylight,⁠ so that the fierce anger of the Lord may be turned away from Israel.” 5 So Moses said to the judges of Israel, “Each of you must execute those of his men who were joined to Baal Peor.” 6 Just then one of the Israelites came and brought to his brothers a Midianite woman in the plain view of Moses and of the whole community of the Israelites, while they were weeping at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 7 When Phinehas son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, saw it, he got up from among the assembly, took a javelin in his hand, 8 and went after the Israelite man into the tent and thrust through the Israelite man and into the woman’s abdomen. So the plague was stopped from the Israelites. 9 Those that died in the plague were 24,000.⁠ 10 The Lord spoke to Moses: 11 “Phinehas son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, has turned my anger away from the Israelites,⁠ when he manifested such zeal for my sake among them, so that I did not consume the Israelites in my zeal. 12 Therefore, announce: ‘I am going to give to him my covenant of peace.⁠ 13 So it will be to him and his descendants after him a covenant of a permanent priesthood,⁠ because he has been zealous for his God, and has made atonement for the Israelites.’” 14 Now the name of the Israelite who was stabbed—the one who was stabbed with the Midianite woman—was Zimri son of Salu, a leader of a clan of the Simeonites. 15 The name of the Midianite woman who was killed was Cozbi daughter of Zur. He was a leader over the people of a clan of Midian. 16 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 17 “Bring trouble to the Midianites, and destroy them, 18 because they bring trouble to you by their treachery with which they have deceived you in the matter of Peor, and in the matter of Cozbi, the daughter of a prince of Midian, their sister, who was killed on the day of the plague that happened as a result of Peor.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 25:13 and Sirach 45:24

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

In Numbers, God gives Phinehas a covenant of peace and a lasting priesthood for his zeal and atonement. Sirach draws on that gift, calling it a covenant of friendship and ranking the priesthood of Aaron’s line above the covenant with David.

Passages

Numbers 25:13

Hebrew Bible
11 “Phinehas son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, has turned my anger away from the Israelites, when he manifested such zeal for my sake among them, so that I did not consume the Israelites in my zeal. 12 Therefore, announce: ‘I am going to give to him my covenant of peace. 13 So it will be to him and his descendants after him a covenant of a permanent priesthood, because he has been zealous for his God, and has made atonement for the Israelites.’” 14 Now the name of the Israelite who was stabbed—the one who was stabbed with the Midianite woman—was Zimri son of Salu, a leader of a clan of the Simeonites.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

Sirach 45:24

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
22 However, in the land of the people, he has no inheritance, and he has no portion among the people, for the Lord himself is your portion and inheritance. 23 Phinehas the son of Eleazar is the third in glory, in that he was zealous in the fear of the Lord, and stood fast when the people turned away, and he made atonement for Israel. 24 Therefore, a covenant of peace was established for him, that he should be leader of the sanctuary and of his people, that he and his offspring should have the dignity of the priesthood forever. 25 Also he made a covenant with David the son of Jesse, of the tribe of Judah. The inheritance of the king is his alone from son to son. So the inheritance of Aaron is also to his seed.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

References

... Thus, in Sirach 45:24–25 Ben Sira once again grounds contemporary practice in history; according to Ben Sira, the responsibility of ruling Israel was initially given to Aaron, Phinehas and their descendants before it was given to David, and furthermore, it reverted to their descendants after the fall of the monarchy. Thus, Ben Sira provides a theological-historical account of why the high priesthood of his day has legitimately (re-)assumed the privilege of ruling Israel, an account upon which he will build in Sirach 50:1–4 in his praise of Simon. ...
A. Jordan Schmidt, Wisdom, Cosmos, and Cultus in the Book of Sirach (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2019), 402–404.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Numbers 25:13 and Sirach 45:24

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