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Numbers

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Chapter 24

1 When Balaam saw that it pleased the Lord to bless Israel, he did not go as at the other times to seek for omens,⁠ but he set his face toward the wilderness.⁠ 2 When Balaam lifted up his eyes, he saw Israel camped tribe by tribe; and the Spirit of God came upon him.⁠ 3 Then he uttered this oracle:⁠ “The oracle of Balaam son of Beor, the oracle of the man whose eyes are open, 4 the oracle of the one who hears the words of God, who sees a vision from the Almighty, although falling flat on the ground with eyes open: 5 ‘How beautiful are your tents, O Jacob, and your dwelling places, O Israel! 6 They are like valleys stretched forth, like gardens by the river’s side, like aloes that the Lord has planted, and like cedar trees beside the waters.⁠ 7 He will pour the water out of his buckets, and their descendants will be like abundant water;⁠ their king will be greater than Agag, and their kingdom will be exalted. 8 God brought them out of Egypt. They have, as it were, the strength of a young bull; they will devour hostile people, and will break their bones, and will pierce them through with arrows.⁠ 9 They crouch and lie down like a lion, and as a lioness, who can stir him?⁠ Blessed is the one who blesses you, and cursed is the one who curses you!’”⁠ 10 Then Balak became very angry at Balaam, and he struck his hands together. Balak said to Balaam, “I called you to curse my enemies, and look, you have done nothing but bless them these three times! 11 So now, go back where you came from! I said that I would greatly honor you, but now the Lord has stood in the way of your honor.” 12 Balaam said to Balak, “Did I not also tell your messengers whom you sent to me, 13 ‘If Balak would give me his palace full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the commandment of the Lord to do either good or evil of my own will, but whatever the Lord tells me I must speak’?⁠ 14 And now, I am about to go back to my own people. Come now, and I will advise you as to what this people will do to your people in future days.” 15 Then he uttered this oracle: “The oracle of Balaam son of Beor, the oracle of the man whose eyes are open,⁠ 16 the oracle of the one who hears the words of God, and who knows the knowledge of the Most High, who sees a vision from the Almighty, although falling flat on the ground with eyes open: 17 ‘I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not close at hand. A star will march forth out of Jacob, and a scepter will rise out of Israel.⁠ He will crush the skulls of Moab, and the heads of all the sons of Sheth.⁠ 18 Edom will be a possession, Seir, his enemy, will also be a possession; but Israel will act valiantly.⁠ 19 A ruler will be established from Jacob; he will destroy the remains of the city.’”⁠ 20 Then Balaam looked on Amalek and delivered this oracle: “Amalek was the first of the nations, but his end will be that he will perish.” 21 Then he looked on the Kenites and uttered this oracle: “Your dwelling place seems strong, and your nest is set on a rocky cliff. 22 Nevertheless the Kenite will be consumed. How long will Asshur take you away captive?” 23 Then he uttered this oracle: “O, who will survive when God does this!⁠ 24 Ships will come from the coast of Kittim, and will afflict Asshur, and will afflict Eber, and he will also perish forever.”⁠ 25 Balaam got up and departed and returned to his home, and Balak also went his way.

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Compare Numbers 24:17 and LXX Numbers 24:17

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Numbers 24 speaks of a star and scepter rising from Israel and defeating Moab. The Greek Septuagint changes the star to a future leader from Israel, showing that the translators were likely following a messianic interpretation.

Passages

Numbers 24:17

Hebrew Bible
15 Then he uttered this oracle: “The oracle of Balaam son of Beor, the oracle of the man whose eyes are open, 16 the oracle of the one who hears the words of God, and who knows the knowledge of the Most High, who sees a vision from the Almighty, although falling flat on the ground with eyes open: 17 ‘I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not close at hand. A star will march forth out of Jacob, and a scepter will rise out of Israel. He will crush the skulls of Moab, and the heads of all the sons of Sheth. 18 Edom will be a possession, Seir, his enemy, will also be a possession; but Israel will act valiantly. 19 A ruler will be established from Jacob; he will destroy the remains of the city.’”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

LXX Numbers 24:17

Septuagint
15 And he took up his parable and said, Balaam the son of Beor says, the man who sees truly says, 16 hearing the oracles of God, receiving knowledge from the Most High, and having seen a vision of God in sleep; his eyes were opened. 17 I will point to him, but not now; I bless him, but he does not draw near: a star shall rise out of Jacob, a man shall spring out of Israel; and shall crush the princes of Moab, and shall plunder all the sons of Seth. 18 And Edom shall be an inheritance, and Esau his enemy shall be an inheritance of Israel, and Israel did valiantly. 19 And one shall arise out of Jacob, and destroy out of the city him that escapes.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Numbers

References

"... Numbers 24:17 probably communicates that the star or the scepter will break the temples of Moab and crush all the sons of Seth. Scholars debate the connotation of the phrase, “sons of Seth.” It could refer to descendants of Adam’s son, Seth. Alternatively, it might symbolize all nations. There is insufficient evidence to indubitably establish their identity ... Unlike the Masoretic text, the LXX of Numbers 24:17 interprets the star that will rise from Jacob as a man who will arise from Israel. This man will break Moab’s rulers. He will additionally plunder all the sons of Seth ..."
Christopher Winchester, “Thematic Association in the Gospel of Matthew: Situating Exegesis in the Gospel of Matthew in Its Second Temple Context” (PhD diss., University of Edinburgh, 2017), 114.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Numbers 24:17 and LXX Numbers 24:17

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