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Numbers

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Chapter 24

1 When Balaam saw that it pleased the Lord to bless Israel, he did not go as at the other times to seek for omens,⁠ but he set his face toward the wilderness.⁠ 2 When Balaam lifted up his eyes, he saw Israel camped tribe by tribe; and the Spirit of God came upon him.⁠ 3 Then he uttered this oracle:⁠ “The oracle of Balaam son of Beor, the oracle of the man whose eyes are open, 4 the oracle of the one who hears the words of God, who sees a vision from the Almighty, although falling flat on the ground with eyes open: 5 ‘How beautiful are your tents, O Jacob, and your dwelling places, O Israel! 6 They are like valleys stretched forth, like gardens by the river’s side, like aloes that the Lord has planted, and like cedar trees beside the waters.⁠ 7 He will pour the water out of his buckets, and their descendants will be like abundant water;⁠ their king will be greater than Agag, and their kingdom will be exalted. 8 God brought them out of Egypt. They have, as it were, the strength of a young bull; they will devour hostile people, and will break their bones, and will pierce them through with arrows.⁠ 9 They crouch and lie down like a lion, and as a lioness, who can stir him?⁠ Blessed is the one who blesses you, and cursed is the one who curses you!’”⁠ 10 Then Balak became very angry at Balaam, and he struck his hands together. Balak said to Balaam, “I called you to curse my enemies, and look, you have done nothing but bless them these three times! 11 So now, go back where you came from! I said that I would greatly honor you, but now the Lord has stood in the way of your honor.” 12 Balaam said to Balak, “Did I not also tell your messengers whom you sent to me, 13 ‘If Balak would give me his palace full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the commandment of the Lord to do either good or evil of my own will, but whatever the Lord tells me I must speak’?⁠ 14 And now, I am about to go back to my own people. Come now, and I will advise you as to what this people will do to your people in future days.” 15 Then he uttered this oracle: “The oracle of Balaam son of Beor, the oracle of the man whose eyes are open,⁠ 16 the oracle of the one who hears the words of God, and who knows the knowledge of the Most High, who sees a vision from the Almighty, although falling flat on the ground with eyes open: 17 ‘I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not close at hand. A star will march forth out of Jacob, and a scepter will rise out of Israel.⁠ He will crush the skulls of Moab, and the heads of all the sons of Sheth.⁠ 18 Edom will be a possession, Seir, his enemy, will also be a possession; but Israel will act valiantly.⁠ 19 A ruler will be established from Jacob; he will destroy the remains of the city.’”⁠ 20 Then Balaam looked on Amalek and delivered this oracle: “Amalek was the first of the nations, but his end will be that he will perish.” 21 Then he looked on the Kenites and uttered this oracle: “Your dwelling place seems strong, and your nest is set on a rocky cliff. 22 Nevertheless the Kenite will be consumed. How long will Asshur take you away captive?” 23 Then he uttered this oracle: “O, who will survive when God does this!⁠ 24 Ships will come from the coast of Kittim, and will afflict Asshur, and will afflict Eber, and he will also perish forever.”⁠ 25 Balaam got up and departed and returned to his home, and Balak also went his way.

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 24:17 and Isaiah 25:10

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Summary

Numbers presents Balaam’s vision of a star and scepter rising from Jacob as signs of future royal power over other nations. Isaiah also uses this imagery to describe authority in judgment, sometimes held by foreign rulers and sometimes by Israel itself.

Passages

Numbers 24:17

Hebrew Bible
15 Then he uttered this oracle: “The oracle of Balaam son of Beor, the oracle of the man whose eyes are open, 16 the oracle of the one who hears the words of God, and who knows the knowledge of the Most High, who sees a vision from the Almighty, although falling flat on the ground with eyes open: 17 ‘I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not close at hand. A star will march forth out of Jacob, and a scepter will rise out of Israel. He will crush the skulls of Moab, and the heads of all the sons of Sheth. 18 Edom will be a possession, Seir, his enemy, will also be a possession; but Israel will act valiantly. 19 A ruler will be established from Jacob; he will destroy the remains of the city.’”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

Isaiah 25:10

Hebrew Bible
8 he will swallow up death permanently. The Sovereign Lord will wipe away the tears from every face, and remove his people’s disgrace from all the earth. Indeed, the Lord has announced it! 9 At that time they will say, “Look, here is our God! We waited for him, and he delivered us. Here is the Lord! We waited for him. Let’s rejoice and celebrate his deliverance!” 10 For the hand of the Lord will rest on this mountain23. Moab will be trampled down where it stands, as a heap of straw is trampled down in a manure pile. 11 Moab will spread out its hands in the middle of it, just as a swimmer spreads his hands to swim; the Lord will bring down Moab’s pride as it spreads its hands. 12 The fortified city (along with the very tops of your walls) he will knock down, he will bring it down, he will throw it down to the dusty ground.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

References

"... “Assyria,” is already familiar from the announcement in 7:17 and the following speeches (compare 7:18, 20; 8:4, 7). Even the idea that God is sending the king of Assyria has been stated there. “my anger,” and “my wrath,” are also familiar. The Vision began by explaining YHWH’s displeasure in chapter 1 and by citing the day of retribution in chapter 2. The great funeral scene in chapter 5 has the repeated refrain “his anger did not turn” (5:25), which is picked up again in 9:16c, 20c, and 10:4. This passage is, in a sense, an explanation of that repeated phrase. “rod,” can refer to a ruler’s scepter, as it does in Genesis 49:10; Numbers 24:17; Judges 5:14; Isaiah 9:3; 11:4; 14:5; and Amos 1:5, 8. Or it may refer to the disciplinarian’s rod of punishment as in Job 9:34 and 21:9, referring to God’s discipline (compare also Proverbs 13:24, etc.; 2 Samuel 7:14; 23:21; Isaiah 14:29). “staff,” may also refer to a scepter, as it does in Jeremiah 48:17; Ezekiel 19:11-14; Psalm 110:2 (“the staff of power”), but not to an educator’s tool. It is more likely a magician’s wand (compare Exodus 7:12). Aaron and Moses use such (Exodus 4:2-4; 7:9-20; 17:5), and it is once called “the staff of God” (Exodus 17:9). Together, the words indicate that God’s royal authority and awesome power have been delegated to the Assyrian—expressions of God’s anger and his wrath ..."
John D. W. Watts, Word Biblical Commentary: Isaiah 1-33 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Academic, 2004), 187.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Numbers 24:17 and Isaiah 25:10

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