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Numbers

About this book
Chapter 13

1 The Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “Send out men to investigate the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the Israelites. You are to send one man from each ancestral tribe, each one a leader among them.” 3 So Moses sent them from the wilderness of Paran at the command of the Lord. All of them were leaders of the Israelites. 4 Now these were their names: from the tribe of Reuben, Shammua son of Zaccur; 5 from the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat son of Hori; 6 from the tribe of Judah, Caleb son of Jephunneh; 7 from the tribe of Issachar, Igal son of Joseph; 8 from the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea son of Nun; 9 from the tribe of Benjamin, Palti son of Raphu; 10 from the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel son of Sodi; 11 from the tribe of Joseph, namely, the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi son of Susi; 12 from the tribe of Dan, Ammiel son of Gemalli; 13 from the tribe of Asher, Sethur son of Michael; 14 from the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi son of Vopshi; 15 from the tribe of Gad, Geuel son of Maki. 16 These are the names of the men whom Moses sent to investigate the land. And Moses gave Hoshea son of Nun the name Joshua.⁠ 17 When Moses sent them to investigate the land of Canaan, he told them, “Go up through the Negev, and then go up into the hill country 18 and see what the land is like, and whether the people who live in it are strong or weak, few or many, 19 and whether the land they live in is good or bad, and whether the cities they inhabit are like camps or fortified cities, 20 and whether the land is rich or poor, and whether or not there are forests in it. And be brave, and bring back some of the fruit of the land.” Now it was the time of year for the first ripe grapes. 21 So they went up and investigated the land from the wilderness of Zin to Rehob, at Lebo Hamath. 22 When they went up through the Negev, they came to Hebron where Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, descendants of Anak, were living. (Now Hebron had been built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.) 23 When they came to the valley of Eshcol, they cut down from there a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they carried it on a staff between two men, as well as some of the pomegranates and the figs. 24 That place was called the Eshcol Valley, because of the cluster of grapes that the Israelites cut from there. 25 They returned from investigating the land after 40 days.⁠ 26 They came back to Moses and Aaron and to the whole community of the Israelites in the wilderness of Paran at Kadesh. They reported to the whole community and showed the fruit of the land. 27 They told Moses, “We went to the land where you sent us. It is indeed flowing with milk and honey, and this is its fruit. 28 But the inhabitants are strong, and the cities are fortified and very large. Moreover we saw the descendants of Anak there.⁠ 29 The Amalekites live in the land of the Negev; the Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites live in the hill country; and the Canaanites live by the sea and along the banks of the Jordan.” 30 Then Caleb silenced the people before Moses, saying, “Let us go up and occupy it, for we are well able to conquer it.”⁠ 31 But the men who had gone up with him said, “We are not able to go up against these people, because they are stronger than we are!” 32 Then they presented the Israelites with a discouraging report of the land they had investigated, saying, “The land that we passed through to investigate is a land that devours its inhabitants.⁠ All the people we saw there are of great stature. 33 We even saw the Nephilim there (the descendants of Anak came from the Nephilim),⁠ and we seemed like grasshoppers both to ourselves and to them.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 13:28 and Joshua 11:21

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Numbers 13 says the spies feared the Anakites and saw them making conquest impossible. Joshua 11 later reports that these same people were removed from the hill country, presenting Joshua as carrying out what the Torah required.

Passages

Numbers 13:28

Hebrew Bible
26 They came back to Moses and Aaron and to the whole community of the Israelites in the wilderness of Paran at Kadesh. They reported to the whole community and showed the fruit of the land. 27 They told Moses, “We went to the land where you sent us. It is indeed flowing with milk and honey, and this is its fruit. 28 But the inhabitants are strong, and the cities are fortified and very large. Moreover we saw the descendants of Anak there. 29 The Amalekites live in the land of the Negev; the Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites live in the hill country; and the Canaanites live by the sea and along the banks of the Jordan.” 30 Then Caleb silenced the people before Moses, saying, “Let us go up and occupy it, for we are well able to conquer it.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

Joshua 11:21

Hebrew Bible
19 No city made peace with the Israelites (except the Hivites living in Gibeon); they had to conquer all of them, 20 for the Lord determined to make them obstinate so they would attack Israel. He wanted Israel to annihilate them without mercy, as he had instructed Moses. 21 At that time Joshua attacked and eliminated the Anakites from the hill country—from Hebron, Debir, Anab, and all the hill country of Judah and Israel. Joshua annihilated them and their cities. 22 No Anakites were left in Israelite territory, though some remained in Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod. 23 Joshua conquered the whole land, just as the Lord had promised Moses, and he assigned Israel their tribal portions. Then the land was free of war.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joshua

References

"... The narrator acknowledges for the first time that the war and conquest have taken a long time (Joshua 11:18). According to Joshua 11:21 Joshua has also wiped out the Anakites. He destroys their settlements in the hill country from Hebron, Debir and Anab, from the hills of Judah to those of Israel. The statement is quite thorough: “No Anakites remained in the land of the Children of Israel. Only in Gaza, Gath and Ashdod did they remain” (Joshua 11:22). In other words, Joshua’s victory sounds comprehensive, especially since it follows the record of his vast successes in taking many other territories. And yet, the second phrase sounds an alarm ... Numbers offers a description of the Anakites embedded in a broader statement of what the spies find in the land: “The people who dwell in the land are powerful, and the cities are fortified and very large; and also children of the Anakites we saw there” (Numbers 13:28). The verse begins with a general description of a powerful people and fortified cities but singles out the Anakites as an illustration of the threat. The reference to the Anakites provides sufficient data for the argument opposing an attempted conquest. The Israelites should not dare to take them on. The spies reinforce their awe of the Anakites and their power by concluding their report ..."
Adriane Leveen, Biblical Narratives of Israelites and Their Neighbors: Strangers at the Gate (Abingdon: Routledge, 2017), 64–65.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Numbers 13:28 and Joshua 11:21

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