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Numbers

About this book
Chapter 10

1 The Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “Make two trumpets of silver; you are to make them from a single hammered piece. You will use them for assembling the community and for directing the traveling of the camps. 3 When they blow them both, all the community must come to you to the entrance of the tent of meeting. 4 “But if they blow with one trumpet, then the leaders, the heads of the thousands of Israel, must come to you. 5 When you blow an alarm, then the camps that are located on the east side must begin to travel. 6 And when you blow an alarm the second time, then the camps that are located on the south side must begin to travel. An alarm must be sounded for their journeys. 7 But when you assemble the community, you must blow the trumpets, but you must not sound an alarm. 8 The sons of Aaron, the priests, must blow the trumpets, and they will be to you for an eternal ordinance throughout your generations. 9 If you go to war in your land against an adversary who opposes you, then you must sound an alarm with the trumpets, and you will be remembered before the Lord your God, and you will be saved from your enemies. 10 “Also, in the time when you rejoice, such as on your appointed festivals or at the beginnings of your months, you must blow with your trumpets over your burnt offerings and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings, so that they may become a memorial for you before your God: I am the Lord your God.” 11 On the twentieth day of the second month, in the second year, the cloud was taken up from the tabernacle of the testimony. 12 So the Israelites set out on their journeys from the desert of Sinai; and the cloud settled in the wilderness of Paran. 13 This was the first time they set out on their journey according to the commandment of the Lord, by the authority of Moses. 14 The standard of the camp of the Judahites set out first according to their companies, and over his company was Nahshon son of Amminadab. 15 Over the company of the tribe of Issacharites was Nathanel son of Zuar, 16 and over the company of the tribe of the Zebulunites was Eliab son of Helon. 17 Then the tabernacle was dismantled, and the sons of Gershon and the sons of Merari set out, carrying the tabernacle. 18 The standard of the camp of Reuben set out according to their companies; over his company was Elizur son of Shedeur. 19 Over the company of the tribe of the Simeonites was Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai, 20 and over the company of the tribe of the Gadites was Eliasaph son of Deuel. 21 And the Kohathites set out, carrying the articles for the sanctuary; the tabernacle was to be set up before they arrived. 22 And the standard of the camp of the Ephraimites set out according to their companies; over his company was Elishama son of Ammihud. 23 Over the company of the tribe of the Manassehites was Gamaliel son of Pedahzur, 24 and over the company of the tribe of Benjaminites was Abidan son of Gideoni. 25 The standard of the camp of the Danites set out, which was the rear guard of all the camps by their companies; over his company was Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai. 26 Over the company of the tribe of the Asherites was Pagiel son of Ocran, 27 and over the company of the tribe of the Naphtalites was Ahira son of Enan. 28 These were the traveling arrangements of the Israelites according to their companies when they traveled. 29 Moses said to Hobab son of Reuel, the Midianite, Moses’ father-in-law, “We are journeying to the place about which the Lord said, ‘I will give it to you.’ Come with us and we will treat you well, for the Lord has promised good things for Israel.” 30 But Hobab said to him, “I will not go, but I will go instead to my own land and to my kindred.” 31 Moses said, “Do not leave us, because you know places for us to camp in the wilderness, and you could be our guide. 32 And if you come with us, it is certain that whatever good things the Lord will favor us with, we will share with you as well.” 33 So they traveled from the mountain of the Lord three days’ journey; and the ark of the covenant of the Lord was traveling before them during the three days’ journey, to find a resting place for them. 34 And the cloud of the Lord was over them by day, when they traveled from the camp. 35 And when the ark traveled, Moses would say, “Rise up, O Lord! May your enemies be scattered,⁠ and may those who hate you flee before you!”⁠ 36 And when it came to rest he would say, “Return, O Lord, to the many thousands of Israel!”

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 10:35 and Onkelos Numbers 10:35

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In Numbers, Moses calls out “Rise up, O Lord” when the ark sets out and “Return, O Lord” when it rests. The Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos turns the first into a request that God reveal himself and says God’s glory returns rather than God.

Passages

Numbers 10:35

Hebrew Bible
33 So they traveled from the mountain of the Lord three days’ journey; and the ark of the covenant of the Lord was traveling before them during the three days’ journey, to find a resting place for them. 34 And the cloud of the Lord was over them by day, when they traveled from the camp. 35 And when the ark traveled, Moses would say, “Rise up, O Lord! May your enemies be scattered, and may those who hate you flee before you!” 36 And when it came to rest he would say, “Return, O Lord, to the many thousands of Israel!”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

Onkelos Numbers 10:35

Targum
33 And from the mountain on which the glory of the Lord had been revealed they set out, journeying three days; and the ark of the Lord's covenant went before them, three days' journey, to find them a place to camp. 34 And the Cloud of Glory of the Lord covered them by day as they set out from their encampments. 35 And when the ark set out, Moses said: Reveal Yourself, Lord, that Your enemies may be scattered, and Your adversaries may flee before You. 36 And when it rested, he said: Return, Lord, and dwell in Your glory among the multitudes of the thousands of Israel.
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Numbers

References

“... see page 379. BEFORE YOU. Onkelos circumvents the poetic but anthropomorphic Hebrew “Your face.” 36. RETURN. The Aramaic retains the biblical “return,” but has the divine “glory reside among” the Israelites, as indicated below. Thus, contrary to Scripture, “return” does not refer to God, but to the “glory.” [...] LET YOUR GLORY RESIDE AMONG. Onkelos supplies the implied connecting phrase “let your glory reside among.” By “glory,” our targumist means the feeling that the Israelites have of the significance and majesty of the divine. Sifrei; the Babylonian Talmud, Yevamot 64a and Bava Kamma 83b; and Saadiah have Moses request the return of the Shekhinah. Saadiah understands Shekhinah as a divine creation of a special light to impress the people. In contrast, when our targumist uses Shekhinah, he is referring to the feeling that people have of a divine presence. Thus, Shekhinah refers to the people’s feelings, and not to God. Onkelos uses “glory” four times in Numbers, in 10:33, 34, 36, and 12:8. ...”
Israel Drazin and Stanley M. Wagner, Onkelos on the Torah, Numbers: Understanding the Bible Text (Jerusalem: Gefen, 2009), 95.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Numbers 10:35 and Onkelos Numbers 10:35

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