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Neofiti Genesis

About this book

Human Wickedness

Chapter 6

1 And when people began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them, 2 the sons of the judges saw that the daughters of people were beautiful to look at, and they took wives for themselves from all whom they chose. 3 And the Lord said, “None of the generations that are to arise will be judged by the order of judgment of the generation of the flood. Is not the order of judgment of the generation of the flood sealed before him, that it be destroyed and wiped out from the midst of the world? Look, I put my spirit in people, because they are flesh and their deeds are evil. Look, I have given you a reprieve of a hundred and twenty years, in case they might repent, and they have not done so.”⁠ 4 The giants were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, after the sons of the judges went in to the daughters of people and they bore them children. These are the giants who from the beginning of the world were mighty men known by their names. 5 And it was revealed before the Lord that the wickedness of people was great on the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of their heart pondered nothing but evil all day long. 6 And there was regret before the Lord that he had created Adam on the earth, and he was troubled, and he was calmed in his heart. 7 And the Lord said, “I will wipe out Adam, whom I created, from the face of the earth, from people to cattle, to creeping things and to the birds of the heavens, because there is regret before me that I created them.” 8 And Noah, since there was no one righteous in his generation, found grace and favor before the Lord.

Noah and the Ark

9 These are the line and generations of Noah. Noah was a righteous man, perfect in good deeds in his generations. Noah served before the Lord in truth. 10 And Noah fathered three sons: Shem, Ham and Japheth. 11 And the inhabitants of the earth corrupted their deeds before the Lord, and the earth was filled with violence and plunderers. 12 And the earth was revealed before the Lord, and look, it was corrupt, because all flesh had corrupted its way on the earth. 13 And the Lord said to Noah, “The outcry of all flesh has come up before me, because the earth is filled with violence and plunder because of them. And look, I am destroying them and the earth. 14 Make yourself an ark of cedar wood. You shall make the ark with compartments, and coat it inside and outside with pitch. 15 And this is the plan by which you shall make it: three hundred cubits the length of the ark, fifty cubits its width, and thirty cubits the measure of its height. 16 You shall make a place for light in the ark, and you shall finish it to the measure of a cubit from the top. And the door of the ark you shall set in its side. You shall make it with a lower story, a second and a third. 17 And I, look, I am bringing the flood of waters on the earth to destroy all flesh in which there is the breath of life from under the heavens. Everything that is on the earth will be wiped out. 18 And I will establish my covenant with you, and you shall go into the ark, you and your sons and your wife and your sons’ wives with you. 19 And of every living thing, of all flesh, two of each you shall bring into the ark to keep alive with you; they shall be male and female. 20 Of the birds after their kind, and of the cattle after their kind, of every creeping thing of the earth after its kind, two of each shall come in to you to be kept alive. 21 And you, take for yourself some of every food that is eaten, and gather it to you, and it shall be food for you and for them.” 22 And Noah did everything that the Lord had commanded him; so he did.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 6:3 and Neofiti Genesis 6:3

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Genesis 6 says that human life will be limited to 120 years, often interpreted as a restriction on the human lifespan. The Aramaic Targum Neofiti expands this while connecting the length of time to divine patience and the opportunity for repentance.

Passages

Genesis 6:3

Hebrew Bible
1 When humankind began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them, 2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of humankind were beautiful. Thus they took wives for themselves from any they chose. 3 So the Lord said, “My Spirit will not remain in humankind indefinitely, since they are mortal. They will remain for 120 more years.” 4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days (and also after this) when the sons of God would sleep with the daughters of humankind, who gave birth to their children. They were the mighty heroes of old, the famous men. 5 But the Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth. Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Neofiti Genesis 6:3

Targum
1 And when people began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them, 2 the sons of the judges saw that the daughters of people were beautiful to look at, and they took wives for themselves from all whom they chose. 3 And the Lord said, “None of the generations that are to arise will be judged by the order of judgment of the generation of the flood. Is not the order of judgment of the generation of the flood sealed before him, that it be destroyed and wiped out from the midst of the world? Look, I put my spirit in people, because they are flesh and their deeds are evil. Look, I have given you a reprieve of a hundred and twenty years, in case they might repent, and they have not done so.” 4 The giants were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, after the sons of the judges went in to the daughters of people and they bore them children. These are the giants who from the beginning of the world were mighty men known by their names. 5 And it was revealed before the Lord that the wickedness of people was great on the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of their heart pondered nothing but evil all day long.
300–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Neofiti Genesis

References

"... The relationship, if any, of the number of 120 [years] in Genesis 6:3 to the 1,200 mentioned in the Mesopotamian flood story can thus be assumed to be superficial. It can be concluded that extra-biblical data is of little help in either approach. Nonetheless, biblical texts may offer leeway for the interpretation of 120 years in Genesis 6:3 as pertaining to putting limits on human lifespan. (1) Genesis 3:22 describes how God prevents man from living forever: וחי ... פן לעולם Genesis 6:3, then, takes up this ‘not forever’ and describes human lifespan as being restricted to 120 years. (2) The theme of repentance is not touched upon in the text, neither in Genesis 6:3, nor subsequently, yet somehow this is to be expected if the 120 years is to be understood as a period of grace. (3) The wording ‘his days’ combined with a reference to mortality (‘he is flesh’) supports an interpretation which views the 120 years as indicative of a lifespan, comparable with Genesis 5, where the repeated phrase “all the days of X were n years, and he died” refers to lifespan ..."
Jaap Doedens, The Sons of God in Genesis 6:1–4: Analysis and History of Exegesis, OtSt 76 (Leiden: Brill, 2019), 51.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 6:3 and Neofiti Genesis 6:3

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