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Neofiti Exodus

About this book

Consecrating Aaron and His Sons

Chapter 29

1 “This is what you must do to consecrate them to serve before him in the high priesthood: take one young bull and two rams, sound and without blemish, 2 unleavened bread, unleavened cakes soaked in oil, and unleavened wafers brushed with oil. Make them from fine wheat flour. 3 Put them ⟨in a basket and bring them⟩ in the basket, along with the bull and the two rams. 4 Bring Aaron and his sons to the entrance of the tent of meeting and sanctify them with water. 5 Take the garments and dress Aaron in the tunic, the robe of the ephod, the ephod, and the breastpiece. Secure it on him with the ephod’s sash. 6 Put the turban on his head and put the sanctuary’s crown on the turban. 7 Take the anointing oil, pour it on his head, and anoint him. 8 Bring his sons forward and dress them in tunics. 9 Tie sashes on Aaron and his sons and put ⟨caps⟩ on them. The priesthood ⟨will belong to them⟩ as a perpetual statute. Complete the offering of Aaron’s hands and the offering of his sons’ hands. 10 Bring the bull before the tent of meeting, and Aaron and his sons must lay their hands on the bull’s head. 11 Slaughter the bull before the Lord at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 12 Take some of its blood and put it on the altar’s horn with your finger. Pour out all the remaining blood at the altar’s base. 13 Take all the fat covering the entrails, what remains of the liver’s lobes, the two kidneys, and the fat on them, and arrange them on the altar. 14 Burn the bull’s meat, hide, and dung in a fire outside the camp. It is a sin offering. 15 Take one ram, and Aaron and his sons must lay their hands on the ram’s head. 16 Slaughter the ram, take its blood, and sprinkle it all around the altar. 17 Cut the ram into pieces, wash its entrails and legs, and put them on its pieces and head. 18 Arrange the entire ram on the altar. It is a burnt offering to the Name of the Lord for a pleasing aroma, an offering before the Lord. 19 Take the second ram, and Aaron and his sons must lay their hands on the ⟨ram’s⟩ head. 20 Slaughter the ram, take some of its blood, and put it on the tip of Aaron’s ear and the tips of his sons’ right ears, on their right thumbs, and on the big toes of their right feet. Sprinkle the blood all around the altar. 21 Take some of the blood on the altar and some anointing oil and sprinkle Aaron and his garments, his sons and their garments with him. He and his garments, his sons and their garments with him, will be consecrated. 22 Take from the ram the fat, the fat tail, the fat covering the entrails, what remains of the liver’s lobes, the two kidneys with their fat, and the right thigh, because it is a ram of ordination. 23 Take one loaf of bread, one bread cake soaked in oil, and one wafer from the basket of unleavened bread before the Lord. 24 Put all these on the palms ⟨of Aaron’s hands and the palms⟩ of his sons’ hands and wave them as a wave offering before the Lord. 25 Receive them from their hands and arrange them on the altar over the burnt offering as a pleasing aroma before the Lord. It is an offering before the Lord. 26 Take the breast of Aaron’s ram of ordination and wave it as a wave offering before the Lord. It will be your portion. 27 Consecrate the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the reserved offering, which was waved or set aside from the ram of ordination belonging to Aaron and his sons. 28 It will belong to Aaron and his sons as a perpetual statute from the sons of Israel, because it is a reserved offering. There will be a reserved offering from the sons of Israel, from your sacrifices of sacred offerings, your reserved offering to the Name of the Lord. 29 Aaron’s sacred garments will belong to his sons after him, for his sons to be anointed in them and to complete the offering of their hands in them. 30 The priest who succeeds him must wear them for seven days when entering the tent of meeting to serve inside the sanctuary. 31 Take the ram of ordination and boil its meat in a holy place. 32 Aaron and his sons must eat the ram’s meat and the bread in the basket at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 33 They must eat the things with which atonement was made to complete the offering of their hands and consecrate them. An unconsecrated person must not eat them, because they are holy. 34 If any meat from the ordination or any bread remains until morning, burn what remains in a fire. It must not be eaten, because it is holy. 35 Do this for Aaron and his sons, in accordance with everything I commanded you. Complete the offering of their hands for seven days. 36 Offer a bull every day as a sin offering for atonement. Anoint the altar when you make atonement on it, and anoint it to consecrate it. 37 Make atonement on the altar for seven days and consecrate it. The altar will be most holy; everything that touches the altar will become holy.

The Daily Offerings

38 This is the arrangement for your offerings on the altar: two year-old lambs every day continually. 39 Offer one lamb in the morning and the second lamb at twilight. 40 Follow this arrangement when you offer with one lamb a mekilta of fine flour soaked in a quarter hin of pressed oil, and a libation of a quarter hin of wine. 41 Offer the second lamb at twilight, with a grain offering and a libation like those of the morning lamb. It will be accepted as a pleasing aroma, an offering before the Lord. 42 This is a regular burnt offering throughout your generations at the entrance of the tent of meeting before the Lord, where I will meet you to speak with you there. 43 My Memra will meet the sons of Israel there, and it will be sanctified within my Glory.⁠ 44 I will consecrate the tent of meeting and the altar. I will consecrate Aaron and his sons to serve before me in the high priesthood.⁠ 45 I will make my Shekinah dwell among the sons of Israel, and my Memra will be their redeeming God. 46 They will know that I am he, the Lord their God, who brought them out of the land of Egypt so that the Glory of my Shekinah might dwell among them. I am the Lord their God.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 29:43 and Neofiti Exodus 29:43

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Exodus 29 describes God meeting with Israel at the tent of meeting. The Aramaic translation in Targum Neofiti introduces the “Memra” as the mediator of this presence, a common feature of the Targums that avoids physical descriptions of God.

Passages

Exodus 29:43

Hebrew Bible
42 “This will be a regular burnt offering throughout your generations at the entrance of the tent of meeting before the Lord, where I will meet with you to speak to you there. 43 There I will meet with the Israelites, and it will be set apart as holy by my glory. 44 “So I will set apart as holy the tent of meeting and the altar, and I will set apart as holy Aaron and his sons that they may minister as priests to me. 45 I will reside among the Israelites, and I will be their God, 46 and they will know that I am the Lord their God, who brought them out from the land of Egypt, so that I may reside among them. I am the Lord their God.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Neofiti Exodus 29:43

Targum
42 This is a regular burnt offering throughout your generations at the entrance of the tent of meeting before the Lord, where I will meet you to speak with you there. 43 My Memra will meet the sons of Israel there, and it will be sanctified within my Glory. 44 I will consecrate the tent of meeting and the altar. I will consecrate Aaron and his sons to serve before me in the high priesthood. 45 I will make my Shekinah dwell among the sons of Israel, and my Memra will be their redeeming God. 46 They will know that I am he, the Lord their God, who brought them out of the land of Egypt so that the Glory of my Shekinah might dwell among them. I am the Lord their God.
300–1000 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Neofiti Exodus

References

"... In contrast, after his discovery of the first complete manuscript of the Palestinian Targum, and slightly before McNamara, Alejandro Diez Macho had argued for the close connection of the Memra so widely occurring in this text with the Logos of the Fourth Gospel. In all of the Palestinian Aramaic translations of the Bible, the term Memra-as a translation of various terms which in the Hebrew either simply mean God or are names of God-is legion and theologically highly significant, because these usages parallel nearly exactly the functions of the Logos, the deuteros theos [second god] in Logos theology. We find the Memra working as the Logos works in the following ways: Creating: Genesis 1:3: 'And the Memra' said Let there be light and there was Light by his Memra.' In all of the following verses, it is the Memra that performs all of the creative actions. Speaking to humans: Genesis 3:8 ff: 'And they heard the voice of the Memra of H'.... And the Memra of H' called out to the Man. Revealing himself Gen 18:1: 'And was revealed to him the Memra of H'.' Punishing the wicked: Gen 19:24 'And the Memra of H' rained down on Sodom and Gomorrah.' Saving: Exodus 17:21: 'And the Memra' was leading them during the day in a pillar of cloud.' Redeeming: Deuteronomy 32:39: 'When the Memra' shall be revealed to redeem his people.' These examples lead inductively to the conclusion that the Memra performs many, if not all, of the functions of the Logos of Christian Logos theology (as well as of Wisdom), and an a priori case can be made, therefore, for some kind of connection between these two, after all, etymologically cognate entities in non-rabbinic Judaism ..."
Daniel Boyarin, “The Gospel of the Memra: Jewish Binitarianism and the Prologue to John,” HTR 94.3 (2001): 243–284.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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