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Neofiti Exodus

About this book

Offerings for the Sanctuary

Chapter 25

1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak with the sons of Israel, so that they set aside contributions to my Name. Receive contributions from everyone whose heart moves him to give. 3 This is the contribution you must receive from them: gold, silver, bronze, 4 blue, purple, and precious crimson material, fine linen, and goats’ hair, 5 reddened ram skins, sasgewan skins, and acacia wood, 6 oil for lighting, spices for anointing oil and fragrant incense, 7 precious stones and stones to be set in the ephod and breastpiece. 8 They must build a sanctuary to my Name, and I will make the Glory of my Shekinah dwell among them.⁠ 9 ⟨According to⟩ everything I show you about the design of the tabernacle and the design of all its furnishings, that is how you must make it.

The Ark and Its Cover

10 They must make an ark of acacia wood, two and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, and measuring a cubit and a half high. 11 Overlay it with pure gold, inside and out, and make a gold molding around it. 12 Cast four gold rings for it and put them on its four corners, two rings on one side and two on the other. 13 Make poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold. 14 Insert the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark to carry the ark with them. 15 The poles must stay in the ark’s rings; do not remove them. 16 Put the testimony I give you inside the ark. 17 Make a mercy seat of pure gold, two and a half cubits long and a cubit and a half wide. 18 Make two gold cherubim, hammered out at the two ends of the mercy seat. 19 Make one cherub at this end, here, and the other cherub at that end, there. Make the cherubim as one piece with the mercy seat at its two ends. 20 The cherubim must spread their wings upward, shading the mercy seat with their wings. Their faces must turn toward one another, with the cherubim’s faces toward the mercy seat. 21 Put the mercy seat on the ark ⟨above, and inside the ark⟩ put the testimony I give you. 22 I will appoint my Memra to meet you there. From above the mercy seat on the ark of the testimony, between the two cherubim, I will speak with you about everything I command you concerning the sons of Israel.

The Table

23 Make a table of acacia wood, two cubits long, a cubit wide, and measuring a cubit and a half high. 24 Overlay it with pure gold and make a gold molding around it. 25 Make a border a handbreadth wide around it and a gold molding around its border. 26 Make four gold rings for it and put them at the four corners by its four legs. 27 The rings must be opposite the border as places for the poles used to carry the table. 28 Make the poles of acacia wood ⟨and overlay⟩ them with gold to carry the table with them. 29 Make its bowls, dishes, flagons, and libation jars used for service. Make them of pure gold. 30 Put the arrangement of the bread of the Presence on the table before him at all times.

The Gold Lampstand

31 Make a lampstand of pure gold. The lampstand, its base, and its shaft must be hammered work. Its cups, its bulbs, and its lilies must be one piece with it. 32 Six branches must extend from its sides, three branches of the lampstand from one side and three from the other. 33 Three decorated cups, a bulb, and a lily must be on each branch. Do the same for the six branches extending from the lampstand. 34 On the lampstand there must be four decorated cups, its bulbs, and its lilies, 35 with a bulb of one piece with it beneath two branches and a bulb of one piece with it beneath two branches, for the six branches extending from the lampstand. 36 Their bulbs and branches must be one piece with it, all of it hammered from one piece of pure gold. 37 Make its seven lamps and arrange the lampstand’s lamps to shine in front of it. 38 Make its snuffers and trays of pure gold. 39 Make it and all these utensils from a centenarium of pure gold. 40 Take care to make them according to the designs you see on the mountain.

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Maccabees 14:35 and Neofiti Exodus 25:8

Deuterocanon · Targum

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Summary

2 Maccabees 14 has the earliest use of “shekinah,” describing God’s unique presence in the temple. This is used throughout later Jewish traditions, including the Aramaic translation of Exodus 25 in Targum Neofiti.

Passages

2 Maccabees 14:35

Deuterocanon
32 When they declared with oaths that they had no knowledge where the man was whom he sought, 33 he stretched out his right hand toward the sanctuary, and swore this oath: “If you won’t deliver up to me Judas as a prisoner, I will level this temple of God even with the ground, break down the altar, and I will erect here a temple to Dionysus for all to see. 34 And having said this, he departed. But the priests, stretching forth their hands toward heaven, called upon him who always fights for our nation, in these words: 35 “You, O Lord of the universe, who in yourself have need of nothing, were well pleased that a sanctuary of your habitation should be set among us. 36 So now, O holy Lord of all holiness, keep undefiled forever this house that has been recently cleansed.”
160–63 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Maccabees

Neofiti Exodus 25:8

Targum
3 This is the contribution you must receive from them: gold, silver, bronze, 4 blue, purple, and precious crimson material, fine linen, and goats’ hair, 5 reddened ram skins, sasgewan skins, and acacia wood, 6 oil for lighting, spices for anointing oil and fragrant incense, 7 precious stones and stones to be set in the ephod and breastpiece. 8 They must build a sanctuary to my Name, and I will make the Glory of my Shekinah dwell among them. 9 ⟨According to⟩ everything I show you about the design of the tabernacle and the design of all its furnishings, that is how you must make it.
300–1000 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Neofiti Exodus

References

"... The term shekhinta, in Hebrew Shekhinah (“dwelling,” “[Divine] presence”), is quite common in the Aramaic translations of the Hebrew Bible (Targumim) and in other parts of rabbinic literature. It originates from the idea of God’s dwelling in a sanctuary, especially the Jerusalem Temple, and is based on longstanding biblical traditions, but the term itself is perhaps first attested in the Greek text of 2 Maccabees 14:35. God’s dwelling, however, was not imagined as limited to the Temple, particularly at times when there was no functioning temple. The Divine presence was attributed also to other contexts, such as a gathering of judges or of small groups of people, not necessarily in a liturgical setting. One of the best-known expressions of this idea is found in Mishnah tractate Avot (3:2), which reads, “But two who are sitting together and there are words of Torah [spoken] between them, the Divine Presence [Shekhinah] rests with them.” This and similar sayings find an interesting analogy in the New Testament: “For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them” (Mt 18:20). Despite the differences, there seem to be profound connections between the different sayings, beyond a common basis in the Hebrew Bible ..."
Joseph Sievers, “‘Where Two or Three . . .’: Shekhinah and Matthew 18:20: Foundations for Jewish-Christian Dialogue and Beyond?” Claritas: Journal of Dialogue and Culture 6.1 (2017): 25–39.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Comments

  • The term in question is translates to what is represented by the the Temple mentioned in the 11th (levening #) verse of 2 Samuel 7, as part of the covenant that established the physical Temple.

    2 Samuel 7.11
    ... Moreover the LORD declares to you that the
    LORD will make you a house.

    The w ...

    David Green, August 24, 2024

2 Maccabees 14:35 and Neofiti Exodus 25:8

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