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Nehemiah

About this book
Chapter 8

1 all the people gathered together in the plaza which was in front of the Water Gate. They asked Ezra the scribe to bring the book of the law of Moses which the Lord had commanded Israel. 2 So Ezra the priest brought the law before the assembly which included men and women and all those able to understand what they heard. (This happened on the first day of the seventh month.)⁠ 3 So he read it before the plaza in front of the Water Gate from dawn till noon⁠ before the men and women and those children who could understand. All the people were eager to hear the book of the law. 4 Ezra the scribe stood on a towering wooden platform constructed for this purpose. Standing near him on his right were Mattithiah, Shema, Anaiah, Uriah, Hilkiah, and Masseiah. On his left were Pedaiah, Mishael, Malkijah, Hashum, Hashbaddanah, Zechariah, and Meshullam. 5 Ezra opened the book in plain view of all the people, for he was elevated above all the people. When he opened the book, all the people stood up. 6 Ezra blessed the Lord, the great God, and all the people replied “Amen! Amen!” as they lifted their hands. Then they bowed down and worshiped the Lord with their faces to the ground. 7 Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, and Pelaiah—all of whom were Levites—were teaching the people the law, as the people remained standing. 8 They read from the book of God’s law, explaining it and imparting insight.⁠ Thus the people gained understanding from what was read.⁠ 9 Then Nehemiah the governor, Ezra the priestly scribe,⁠ and the Levites who were imparting understanding to the people said to all of them, “This day is holy to the Lord your God. Do not mourn or weep.”⁠ For all the people had been weeping when they heard the words of the law. 10 He said to them, “Go and eat delicacies and drink sweet drinks and send portions to those for whom nothing is prepared.⁠ For this day is holy to our Lord. Do not grieve, for the joy of the Lord is your strength.” 11 Then the Levites quieted all the people saying, “Be quiet, for this day is holy. Do not grieve.” 12 So all the people departed to eat and drink and to share their food with others and to enjoy tremendous joy, for they had gained insight in the matters that had been made known to them. 13 On the second day of the month the family leaders met with Ezra the scribe, together with all the people, the priests, and the Levites, to consider the words of the law. 14 They discovered written in the law that the Lord had commanded through Moses that the Israelites should live in temporary shelters during the festival of the seventh month, 15 and that they should make a proclamation and disseminate this message in all their cities and in Jerusalem: “Go to the hill country and bring back olive branches and branches of wild olive trees, myrtle trees, date palms, and other leafy trees to construct temporary shelters, as it is written.”⁠ 16 So the people went out and brought these things back and constructed temporary shelters for themselves, each on his roof and in his courtyard and in the courtyards of the temple of God and in the plaza of the Water Gate and the plaza of the Ephraim Gate. 17 So all the assembly which had returned from the exile constructed temporary shelters and lived in them. The Israelites had not done so from the days of Joshua son of Nun until that day. Everyone experienced very great joy. 18 Ezra read in the book of the law of God day by day, from the first day to the last. They observed the festival for seven days, and on the eighth day they held an assembly as was required.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Nehemiah 8:9 and 1 Esdras 9:49

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

In Nehemiah, Nehemiah the governor and Ezra the priestly scribe declare the day holy to the weeping people. In 1 Esdras, Nehemiah is absent and Attharates, from the Hebrew word for governor, speaks instead, with Ezra now called the chief priest.

Passages

Nehemiah 8:9

Hebrew Bible
8 They read from the book of God’s law, explaining it and imparting insight. Thus the people gained understanding from what was read. 9 Then Nehemiah the governor, Ezra the priestly scribe, and the Levites who were imparting understanding to the people said to all of them, “This day is holy to the Lord your God. Do not mourn or weep.” For all the people had been weeping when they heard the words of the law. 10 He said to them, “Go and eat delicacies and drink sweet drinks and send portions to those for whom nothing is prepared. For this day is holy to our Lord. Do not grieve, for the joy of the Lord is your strength.”
400–301 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Nehemiah

1 Esdras 9:49

Deuterocanon · Esdras A, 3 Esdras
47 All the people answered, “Amen.” Lifting up their hands, they fell to the ground and worshiped the Lord. 48 Also Jeshua, Annus, Sarabias, Iadinus, Jacubus, Sabateus, Auteas, Maiannas, Calitas, Azarias, Jozabdus, Ananias, and Phalias, the Levites, taught the law of the Lord, and read to the multitude the law of the Lord, explaining what was read. 49 Then Attharates said to Ezra the chief priest and reader, and to the Levites who taught the multitude, even to all, 50 “This day is holy to the Lord—now they all wept when they heard the law—
300–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Esdras

References

“... An individual named Attharates declares a holy day in 1 Esdras 9:49, whereas Neh 8:9 says it is Nehemiah the Tirshata (governor—see next section). [...] The final part of the book (9:37–55) is parallel to Neh 8:1–12 and describes the reading of the law by Ezra. The priests, Levites, and Israel are settled in Jerusalem and in the countryside. They gather before the temple in the ninth month and ask Ezra to read the law. (Ezra is, interestingly, called “high priest” [archiereus] several times in this chapter [9:39, 40, 49].) He does so on a wooden platform, flanked by several named individuals. He reads to both men and women from early to midday. A group of named Levites teach the law and read it, making the people understand. Then Attharates (which seems to be a literal rendering of the Hebrew hattiršātā’ “the governor”) tells Ezra that the day is a holy day. ...”
Lester L. Grabbe, “1 Esdras (Greek Ezra),” in 1 Esdras (Greek Ezra), in The Oxford Handbook of the Apocrypha, ed. Gerbern S. Oegema (Oxford University Press, 2021), 112.
“... A notable feature of 1 Esdras is that the Nehemiah material is entirely omitted, although scholars disagree as to whether this is deliberate (and therefore ideological) or whether it results from the Nehemiah material being later. [...] 1 Esdras also exhibits a tendency to elevate the status of Ezra. For example, Ezra is referred to as ‘high priest’ (ὁ ἀρχιερεύς, 1 Esd. 9.40, 49), whereas the parallel passage in Nehemiah refer to him simply as ‘the scribe’ (8.1) and ‘the scribe, the priest’ (8.9). ...”
Hector M. Patmore, “1 Esdras,” in 1 Esdras, in The T&T Clark Companion to the Septuagint, ed. James K. Aitken (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2015), 191.

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Nehemiah 8:9 and 1 Esdras 9:49

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