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Nahum

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Woe to the city guilty of bloodshed! She is full of lies; she is filled with plunder; she has hoarded her spoil! 2 The chariot drivers will crack their whips; the chariot wheels will shake the ground. The chariot horses will gallop; the war chariots will bolt forward! 3 The charioteers will charge ahead; their swords will flash and their spears will glimmer! There will be many people slain; there will be piles of the dead and countless casualties—so many that people will stumble over the corpses. 4 Because you have acted like a wanton prostitute—a seductive mistress who practices sorcery, who enslaves nations by her harlotry, and entices peoples by her sorcery—⁠ 5 “I am against you,” declares the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “I will strip off your clothes! I will show your nakedness to the nations and your shame to the kingdoms.⁠ 6 I will pelt you with filth; I will treat you with contempt; I will make you a public spectacle. 7 Everyone who sees you will turn away from you in disgust; they will say, ‘Nineveh has been devastated! Who will lament for her?’ There will be no one to comfort you!”⁠ 8 You are no more secure than Thebes—she was located on the banks of the Nile; the waters surrounded her—her rampart was the sea, the water was her wall. 9 Cush and Egypt had limitless strength; Put and the Libyans were among her allies. 10 Yet she went into captivity as an exile; even her infants were smashed to pieces at the head of every street.⁠ They cast lots for her nobility; all her dignitaries were bound with chains.⁠ 11 You too will act like drunkards; you will go into hiding; you too will seek refuge from the enemy. 12 All your fortifications will be like fig trees with first-ripe fruit: If they are shaken, their figs will fall into the mouth of the eater. 13 Your warriors will be like women in your midst;⁠ the gates of your land will be wide open to your enemies; fire will consume the bars of your gates. 14 Draw yourselves water for a siege! Strengthen your fortifications! Trample the mud and tread the clay! Make mud bricks to strengthen your walls! 15 There the fire will consume you; the sword will cut you down; it will devour you like the young locust would. Multiply yourself like the young locust; multiply yourself like the flying locust! 16 Increase your merchants more than the stars of heaven! They are like the young locust that sheds its skin and flies away. 17 Your courtiers are like locusts, your officials are like a swarm of locusts!⁠ They encamp in the walls on a cold day, yet when the sun rises, they fly away, and no one knows where they are. 18 Your shepherds are sleeping, O king of Assyria. Your officers are slumbering! Your people are scattered like sheep on the mountains, and there is no one to regather them. 19 Your destruction is like an incurable wound; your demise is like a fatal injury. All who hear what has happened to you will clap their hands for joy, for no one ever escaped your endless cruelty!⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Obadiah 1:11 and Nahum 3:10

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Nahum describes how, after Thebes was conquered, its leaders were treated like prizes and handed out in payment. Obadiah uses the same image to condemn Edom for watching as Jerusalem’s people were similarly treated like prizes and handed over to others.

Passages

Obadiah 1:11

Hebrew Bible
9 Your warriors will be shattered, O Teman, so that everyone will be destroyed from Esau’s mountain! 10 “Because you violently slaughtered your relatives, the people of Jacob, shame will cover you, and you will be destroyed forever. 11 You stood aloof while strangers took his army captive and foreigners advanced to his gates. When they cast lots over Jerusalem, you behaved as though you were in league with them. 12 You should not have gloated when your relatives suffered calamity. You should not have rejoiced over the people of Judah when they were destroyed. You should not have boasted when they suffered adversity. 13 You should not have entered the city of my people when they experienced distress. You should not have joined in gloating over their misfortune when they suffered distress. You should not have looted their wealth when they endured distress.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Obadiah

Nahum 3:10

Hebrew Bible
8 You are no more secure than Thebes—she was located on the banks of the Nile; the waters surrounded her—her rampart was the sea, the water was her wall. 9 Cush and Egypt had limitless strength; Put and the Libyans were among her allies. 10 Yet she went into captivity as an exile; even her infants were smashed to pieces at the head of every street. They cast lots for her nobility; all her dignitaries were bound with chains. 11 You too will act like drunkards; you will go into hiding; you too will seek refuge from the enemy. 12 All your fortifications will be like fig trees with first-ripe fruit: If they are shaken, their figs will fall into the mouth of the eater.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Nahum

References

"... I find here two allusions to Obadiah. First, this expression for casting lots is uncommon; more often the Old Testament uses Hiphil נפל (compare Jonah 1:7; Isaiah 34:17; Psalm 22:18). This particular phrase occurs only in Joel 4:3; Obadiah 11; and Nahum 3:10. Since Obadiah is the only other writing that predates Joel with this phrase, it is at least possible this is an allusion. Second, the expression “return your recompense upon your head” is noteworthy. It often occurs in judgment contexts (compare Isaiah 59:18; 66:6; Jeremiah 51:6), but this particular expression is quite uncommon, occurring only here in Joel and in Obadiah 15 ..."
Daniel Forbes, “The Intertextual Impact of Obadiah on the Writing Prophets” (MA diss., The Master's College, 2014), 39.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Obadiah 1:11 and Nahum 3:10

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