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Micah

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is the Lord’s message that came to Micah of Moresheth during the time of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem. 2 Listen, all you nations! Pay attention, all inhabitants of earth! The Sovereign Lord will act as a witness against you; the Lord will accuse you from his majestic palace.⁠ 3 Look, the Lord is coming out of his dwelling place! He will descend and march on the earth’s mountaintops!⁠ 4 The mountains will crumble beneath him, and the valleys will split apart like wax before a fire,⁠ like water dumped down a steep slope.⁠ 5 All this is because of Jacob’s rebellion and the sins of the nation of Israel. And just what is Jacob’s rebellion? Isn’t it Samaria’s doings? And what is Judah’s sin? Isn’t it Jerusalem’s doings? 6 “I will turn Samaria into a heap of ruins in an open field, into a place for planting vineyards. I will dump the rubble of her walls down into the valley and lay bare her foundations. 7 All her carved idols will be smashed to pieces; all her metal cult statues will be destroyed by fire. I will make a waste heap of all her images. Since she gathered the metal as a prostitute collects her wages, the idols will become a prostitute’s wages again.”⁠ 8 For this reason I will mourn and wail; I will walk around barefoot and without my outer garments.⁠ I will howl like a jackal and screech like an ostrich.33⁠ 9 For Samaria’s disease is incurable. It has infected Judah; it has spread to the leadership of my people and even to Jerusalem! 10 Don’t spread the news in Gath. Don’t shed even a single tear. In Beth Leaphrah roll about in mourning in the dust! 11 Residents of Shaphir, pass by in nakedness and humiliation! The residents of Zaanan have not escaped. Beth Ezel mourns, “He takes from you what he desires.” 12 Indeed, the residents of Maroth hope for something good to happen, though the Lord has sent disaster against the city of Jerusalem. 13 Residents of Lachish, hitch the horses to the chariots! You influenced Daughter Zion to sin, for Israel’s rebellious deeds can be traced back to you! 14 Therefore you will have to say farewell to Moresheth Gath. The residents of Achzib will be as disappointing as a dried up well to the kings of Israel. 15 Residents of Mareshah, a conqueror will attack you; the leaders of Israel shall flee to Adullam. 16 Shave your heads bald as you mourn for the children you love;⁠ shave your foreheads as bald as an eagle, for they are taken from you into exile.

Texts in conversation

Compare Micah 1:4 and 1 Enoch 52:6

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

1 Enoch 52 uses apocalyptic language from Micah by describing mountains melting at God's arrival. 1 Enoch reshapes this tradition and applies it to the arrival of the messianic Son of Man.

Passages

Micah 1:4

Hebrew Bible
3 Look, the Lord is coming out of his dwelling place! He will descend and march on the earth’s mountaintops! 4 The mountains will crumble beneath him, and the valleys will split apart like wax before a fire, like water dumped down a steep slope. 5 All this is because of Jacob’s rebellion and the sins of the nation of Israel. And just what is Jacob’s rebellion? Isn’t it Samaria’s doings? And what is Judah’s sin? Isn’t it Jerusalem’s doings?
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Micah

1 Enoch 52:6

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
5 Then the angel of peace said to me, 'Wait a while, and all the secrets that surround the Lord of Spirits will be disclosed to you.' 6 The mountains you saw—the iron, copper, silver, gold, soft metal, and lead—will be in the presence of the Elect One as wax before the fire, and like water streaming down, becoming powerless before his feet. 7 In those days, no one can be saved by gold or silver, and none will have the means to escape.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

"... Similar to God: Another characteristic of the Enochic Son of Man is that the figure is described in terms similar to those used of YHWH. In Micah 1:4, the mountains melt like wax at the coming of the lord (Psalm 97:5; Nahum 1:5), and in the Parables of Enoch, it is the coming of the Enochic figure at which the mountains melt (1 Enoch 52:6). The judgment of the kings of the earth is accomplished by the Lord (Isaiah 24:21-23), but the Son of Man carries out judgment in the Parables of Enoch (49:4; 55:4; 61:8-9; 69:27). The Day of Judgment is typically known as “The Day of the Lord” (Joel 1:15; Obadiah 15; Zechariah 14:1-21). In the Parables of Enoch, the Day of Judgment is described as “The Day of the Chosen One” (61:5). In Psalm 114:6, the mountains skip like rams at the coming of YHWH. In the Parables of Enoch, it is the enthronement of the Enochic figure and his revelation of the secrets of wisdom that leads to the mountains leaping like rams and hills skipping like lambs (51:4) ..."
Lee Martin McDonald, “The Parables of Enoch in Early Christianity,” in Parables of Enoch: A Paradigm Shift, ed. James H. Charlesworth and Darrell L. Bock, Jewish and Christian Texts in Context and Related Studies 11 (London: T&T Clark, 2013), 300–301.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Micah 1:4 and 1 Enoch 52:6

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