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Micah

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is the Lord’s message that came to Micah of Moresheth during the time of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem. 2 Listen, all you nations! Pay attention, all inhabitants of earth! The Sovereign Lord will act as a witness against you; the Lord will accuse you from his majestic palace.⁠ 3 Look, the Lord is coming out of his dwelling place! He will descend and march on the earth’s mountaintops!⁠ 4 The mountains will crumble beneath him, and the valleys will split apart like wax before a fire,⁠ like water dumped down a steep slope.⁠ 5 All this is because of Jacob’s rebellion and the sins of the nation of Israel. And just what is Jacob’s rebellion? Isn’t it Samaria’s doings? And what is Judah’s sin? Isn’t it Jerusalem’s doings? 6 “I will turn Samaria into a heap of ruins in an open field, into a place for planting vineyards. I will dump the rubble of her walls down into the valley and lay bare her foundations. 7 All her carved idols will be smashed to pieces; all her metal cult statues will be destroyed by fire. I will make a waste heap of all her images. Since she gathered the metal as a prostitute collects her wages, the idols will become a prostitute’s wages again.”⁠ 8 For this reason I will mourn and wail; I will walk around barefoot and without my outer garments.⁠ I will howl like a jackal and screech like an ostrich.33⁠ 9 For Samaria’s disease is incurable. It has infected Judah; it has spread to the leadership of my people and even to Jerusalem! 10 Don’t spread the news in Gath. Don’t shed even a single tear. In Beth Leaphrah roll about in mourning in the dust! 11 Residents of Shaphir, pass by in nakedness and humiliation! The residents of Zaanan have not escaped. Beth Ezel mourns, “He takes from you what he desires.” 12 Indeed, the residents of Maroth hope for something good to happen, though the Lord has sent disaster against the city of Jerusalem. 13 Residents of Lachish, hitch the horses to the chariots! You influenced Daughter Zion to sin, for Israel’s rebellious deeds can be traced back to you! 14 Therefore you will have to say farewell to Moresheth Gath. The residents of Achzib will be as disappointing as a dried up well to the kings of Israel. 15 Residents of Mareshah, a conqueror will attack you; the leaders of Israel shall flee to Adullam. 16 Shave your heads bald as you mourn for the children you love;⁠ shave your foreheads as bald as an eagle, for they are taken from you into exile.

Texts in conversation

Compare Micah 1:3 and 1 Enoch 1:3

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

1 Enoch 1:3 uses a pattern found in Micah 1:3 where God leaves heaven and steps onto the mountains. It draws on this to establish its own authority based on the authority of Micah, also incorporating its theophany into its apocalyptic narrative.

Passages

Micah 1:3

Hebrew Bible
1 This is the Lord’s message that came to Micah of Moresheth during the time of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem. 2 Listen, all you nations! Pay attention, all inhabitants of earth! The Sovereign Lord will act as a witness against you; the Lord will accuse you from his majestic palace. 3 Look, the Lord is coming out of his dwelling place! He will descend and march on the earth’s mountaintops! 4 The mountains will crumble beneath him, and the valleys will split apart like wax before a fire, like water dumped down a steep slope.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Micah

1 Enoch 1:3

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
2 He began his parable and said, Enoch, a righteous man, whose eyes were opened by God, saw the vision of the Holy One in the heavens, which the angels showed me. I heard everything from them, and from them I understood what I saw, not for this generation, but for a distant one yet to come. 3 Regarding the chosen I spoke, and took up my parable about them: The Holy Great One will emerge from His dwelling, 4 And the eternal God will walk upon the earth, even on Mount Sinai, and appear from His camp and reveal His might from the heavens above. 5 Everyone will be struck with fear and the Watchers will tremble, and great fear and trembling will grip them to the ends of the earth.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

"... The concept of the deity coming from his dwelling place in his glory, or in an exuberant manner, is unique to the Hebrew Bible texts listed above. Although earlier research has suggested that Micah 1:3-4 was the primary text that 1 Enoch 1:3-4 borrowed from this is in fact not clear. It seems more likely that, in the case of 1 Enoch 3-4, Micah 1:3 and Deuteronomy 33:2 were equally used in composing these verses. The use of “tread” is found only in Micah 1:3, and the ideas that the deity’s dwelling place is Sinai and that he will bring his host with him are borrowed from Deuteronomy 33:2. The connections between 1 Enoch 1:3-4 and Micah 1:3-4 and Deuteronomy 33:2 probably negate the need to connect Jeremiah 25:30-31 and Habakkuk 3:3 to 1 Enoch 1:3-4 because the similarities are stronger and better explained when comparing them with Micah 1:3-4 and Deuteronomy 33:2 ..."
Colby J. Townsend, “The Use of Scripture in 1 Enoch 1–36” (diss., University of Utah, 2016), 50–51.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Micah 1:3 and 1 Enoch 1:3

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