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Mekhilta d'Rabbi Ishmael

Halakhic Midrash

About this book
Chapter 177

You have seen what I did to Egypt": I am not speaking to you from tradition. They (i.e., their punishment) is not written down for you. I am not sending you missives. I am not producing witnesses. But you yourselves have seen what they were guilty of — idolatry, illicit relations, and the spilling of blood. In the past, I did not exact punishment of them. (I did so) only for your sakes. "and I bore you on eagles' wings": R. Eliezer says: This refers to the day of the exodus, when all of them were gathered together and came to Ramses in an instant [in the twinkling of an eye]. "and I brought you to Me": before Mount Sinai.⁠ R. Akiva says: It refers to the day of the giving of the Torah, when Israel recoiled twelve mil and returned twelve mil — so that they "traveled" twenty-four mil for each pronouncement. "and I will bring you" — to the Temple. Variantly: "and I bore you on eagles' wings": How is the eagle different from all other birds? All other birds keep their young under their feet, fearing other birds that fly above them — unlike the eagle, who fears man alone, that he not shoot an arrow at him. Better that it strike it and not its young. An analogy: A man was walking on the road leading his son before him, when robbers came to snatch his son — whereupon he placed him behind him — whereupon a wolf came to snatch him from behind — whereupon he placed him before him. Robbers before him and a wolf behind him, he took his son and placed him on his shoulder, viz.: (Devarim 1:31) "… and in the desert, where you saw how the L rd your G d bore you, as a man bears his son.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Corinthians 15:52 and Mekhilta d'Rabbi Ishmael 19.4.2

New Testament · Rabbinic

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Summary

Paul describes the dead changed “in the twinkling of an eye,” similar to Rabbinic tradition such as the Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael, which describes instant repentance. Both follow Jewish apocalyptic traditions about God’s sudden and decisive acts.

Passages

1 Corinthians 15:52

New Testament
50 Now this is what I am saying, brothers and sisters: Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable. 51 Listen, I will tell you a mystery: We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed— 52 in a moment, in the blinking of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed. 53 For this perishable body must put on the imperishable, and this mortal body must put on immortality. 54 Now when this perishable puts on the imperishable, and this mortal puts on immortality, then the saying that is written will happen, “Death has been swallowed up in victory.”
55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Corinthians

Mekhilta d'Rabbi Ishmael 19.4.2

Rabbinic · Halakhic Midrash
"and I bore you on eagles' wings": R. Eliezer says: This refers to the day of the exodus, when all of them were gathered together and came to Ramses in an instant [in the twinkling of an eye]. "and I brought you to Me": before Mount Sinai. R. Akiva says: It refers to the day of the giving of the Torah, when Israel recoiled twelve mil and returned twelve mil — so that they "traveled" twenty-four mil for each pronouncement. "and I will bring you" — to the Temple.
135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Mekhilta d'Rabbi Ishmael

References

"... according to one view the verse means 'desist from evildoing and do penitence but for the twinkling of an eye, and redemption will come. That punning interpretations of this sort go back a long way is certain ... In conclusion we would lay a ghost walking the most reputable dictionaries. In the first half of the last century Gesenius, in his Thesaurus, explained petha 'suddenly' - and pith'om, treated as an outgrowth of it - as deriving from pathah, 'to open'. The basic meaning was 'an opening of the eyes', hence 'a moment of time', 'suddenly'. He adduced the German Augenblick as a parallel. If this were correct, petha would anticipate by about a thousand years the Rabbinic and Pauline 'twinkling of an eye' (though this is not, we saw, synonymous with 'suddenly'). Nothing a priori exceptionable in this; only it just does not happen to be the case ..."
David Daube, The Sudden in the Scriptures (Leiden: Brill, 1964), 78–79.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Corinthians 15:52 and Mekhilta d'Rabbi Ishmael 19.4.2

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