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Matthew

About this book
Chapter 9

1 After getting into a boat he crossed to the other side and came to his own town. 2 Just then some people brought to him a paralytic lying on a stretcher. When Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, “Have courage, son! Your sins are forgiven.” 3 Then some of the experts in the law said to themselves, “This man is blaspheming!” 4 When Jesus perceived their thoughts he said, “Why do you respond with evil in your hearts? 5 Which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven’ or to say, ‘Stand up and walk’? 6 But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins”—then he said to the paralytic—“Stand up, take your stretcher, and go home.”⁠ 7 So he stood up and went home. 8 When the crowd saw this, they were afraid and honored God who had given such authority to men. 9 As Jesus went on from there, he saw a man named Matthew sitting at the tax booth. “Follow me,” he said to him. So he got up and followed him. 10 As Jesus was having a meal in Matthew’s house, many tax collectors and sinners came and ate with Jesus and his disciples. 11 When the Pharisees saw this they said to his disciples, “Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?” 12 When Jesus heard this he said, “Those who are healthy don’t need a physician, but those who are sick do. 13 Go and learn what this saying means: ‘I want mercy and not sacrifice.’ For I did not come to call the righteous, but sinners.”⁠ 14 Then John’s disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Why do we and the Pharisees fast often, but your disciples don’t fast?” 15 Jesus said to them, “The wedding guests cannot mourn while the bridegroom is with them, can they?⁠ But the days are coming when the bridegroom will be taken from them, and then they will fast. 16 No one sews a patch of unshrunk cloth on an old garment because the patch will pull away from the garment and the tear will be worse. 17 And no one pours new wine into old wineskins; otherwise the skins burst and the wine is spilled out and the skins are destroyed. Instead they put new wine into new wineskins and both are preserved.”⁠ 18 As he was saying these things, a leader came, bowed low before him, and said, “My daughter has just died, but come and lay your hand on her and she will live.” 19 Jesus and his disciples got up and followed him. 20 But a woman who had been suffering from a hemorrhage for 12 years came up behind him and touched the edge of his cloak.⁠ 21 For she kept saying to herself, “If only I touch his cloak, I will be healed.” 22 But when Jesus turned and saw her he said, “Have courage, daughter! Your faith has made you well.” And the woman was healed from that hour. 23 When Jesus entered the leader’s house and saw the flute players and the disorderly crowd, 24 he said, “Go away, for the girl is not dead but asleep!” And they began making fun of him. 25 But when the crowd had been forced outside, he went in and gently took her by the hand, and the girl got up. 26 And the news of this spread throughout that region. 27 As Jesus went on from there, two blind men began to follow him, shouting, “Have mercy on us, Son of David!” 28 When he went into the house, the blind men came to him. Jesus said to them, “Do you believe that I am able to do this?” They said to him, “Yes, Lord.” 29 Then he touched their eyes saying, “Let it be done for you according to your faith.” 30 And their eyes were opened. Then Jesus sternly warned them, “See that no one knows about this!” 31 But they went out and spread the news about him throughout that entire region. 32 As they were going away, a man who was demon-possessed and unable to speak was brought to him. 33 After the demon was cast out, the man who had been mute began to speak. The crowds were amazed and said, “Never has anything like this been seen in Israel!” 34 But the Pharisees said, “By the ruler of demons he casts out demons!”⁠ 35 Then Jesus went throughout all the towns and villages, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the good news of the kingdom, and healing every kind of disease and sickness. 36 When he saw the crowds, he had compassion on them because they were bewildered and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd.⁠ 37 Then he said to his disciples, “The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few.⁠ 38 Therefore ask the Lord of the harvest to send out workers into his harvest-ready fields.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 9:10 and Matthew 9:17

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew, Jesus uses new wine and new skins to picture a renewal movement, and Sirach praises old friends as aged wine that improves with time. Both use the same image and adapt it differently, showing the diversity of Jewish interpretive tradition.

Passages

Sirach 9:10

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
8 Turn your eye away from a beautiful woman, and don’t gaze at another’s beauty. Many have been led astray by the beauty of a woman; and with this, passion is kindled like a fire. 9 Don’t dine at all with a woman who has a husband, or revel with her at wine, lest perhaps your soul turn away to her, and with your spirit you slide into destruction. 10 Don’t forsake an old friend; for a new one is not comparable to him. A new friend is like new wine: if it becomes old, you will drink it with gladness. 11 Don’t envy the success of a sinner; for you don’t know what his end will be. 12 Don’t delight in the delights of the ungodly. Remember they will not go unpunished to the grave.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Matthew 9:17

New Testament
15 Jesus said to them, “The wedding guests cannot mourn while the bridegroom is with them, can they? But the days are coming when the bridegroom will be taken from them, and then they will fast. 16 No one sews a patch of unshrunk cloth on an old garment because the patch will pull away from the garment and the tear will be worse. 17 And no one pours new wine into old wineskins; otherwise the skins burst and the wine is spilled out and the skins are destroyed. Instead they put new wine into new wineskins and both are preserved.” 18 As he was saying these things, a leader came, bowed low before him, and said, “My daughter has just died, but come and lay your hand on her and she will live.” 19 Jesus and his disciples got up and followed him.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... Matthew 9:17 offers a summary of the kind attested occasionally in his redactional work (Matthew 5:18 diff. Luke 16:17, etc.): the “new wine and new skins” are preserved. This probably refers to the new reality of the rule of God and to the new commandments of Jesus (Matthew 5) ... Some scholars have proposed that originally, the metaphors of the old garment and the new wine did not belong together, since the former concerns the preservation of what is old and the latter concerns the protection of what is new. However, the motifs of an old garment and wine skins are already linked in Job 13:28. Repairing a garment and filling wine skins were typically female and male activities. Jesus occasionally employed double metaphors and double parables, which were among his favorite modes of speaking ... An old garment can symbolize the past (Hosea 5:12; Isaiah 50:9; 51:6, 8; Sirach 14:17), and especially the past of the cosmos (Psalm 101:27). The fragility of the human person is compared to an old bag and a moth-eaten garment (Job 13:28). New or bright clothing could symbolize an existence renewed by God (2 Enoch 22.8), and wine could be the symbol of the age of salvation (Genesis 49:11–12; Amos 9:13–14; Isaiah 65:21). The eschatological festal calendar of the Qumran community included a feast of the new wine (11QMiqd XIX, 14–15; XX, 4–10). Old wine, which was regarded as particularly good in the Old Testament (Isaiah 25:6), Hellenistic-Roman and Jewish milieus (Sirach 9:10; b. Berakhot 51a), is sometimes employed in the rabbinic literature as a symbol of the doctrine of Torah ..."
Rainer Riesner, “The Question of the Baptists' Disciples on Fasting (Matt 9:14-17; Mark 2:18-22; Luke 5:33-39),” in Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus, ed. Tom Holmén and Stanley E. Porter (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 3305–3347.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Sirach 9:10 and Matthew 9:17

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