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Matthew

About this book
Chapter 3

1 In those days John the Baptist came into the wilderness of Judea proclaiming, 2 “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near.” 3 For he is the one about whom the prophet Isaiah had spoken: “The voice of one shouting in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way for the Lord, make his paths straight.’” 4 Now John wore clothing made from camel’s hair with a leather belt around his waist,⁠ and his diet consisted of locusts and wild honey.⁠ 5 Then people from Jerusalem, as well as all Judea and all the region around the Jordan, were going out to him,⁠ 6 and he was baptizing them in the Jordan River as they confessed their sins. 7 But when he saw many Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said to them, “You offspring of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? 8 Therefore produce fruit that proves your repentance, 9 and don’t think you can say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’ For I tell you that God can raise up children for Abraham from these stones! 10 Even now the ax is laid at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire.⁠ 11 “I baptize you with water, for repentance, but the one coming after me is more powerful than I am—I am not worthy to carry his sandals! He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. 12 His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clean out his threshing floor and will gather his wheat into the storehouse, but the chaff he will burn up with inextinguishable fire!”⁠ 13 Then Jesus came from Galilee to John to be baptized by him in the Jordan River. 14 But John tried to prevent him, saying, “I need to be baptized by you, and yet you come to me?” 15 So Jesus replied to him, “Let it happen now, for it is right for us to fulfill all righteousness.”⁠ Then John yielded to him. 16 After Jesus was baptized, just as he was coming up out of the water, the heavens opened and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and coming to rest on him.⁠ 17 And a voice from heaven said, “This is my one dear Son; in him I take great delight.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Zechariah 13:4 and Matthew 3:4

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Matthew’s description of John the Baptist wearing a rough garment recalls Zechariah’s image of false prophets who once wore such clothing to appear authentic. By reversing this association, Matthew presents John as a true prophet in the line of Elijah.

Passages

Zechariah 13:4

Hebrew Bible
2 And also on that day,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “I will remove the names of the idols from the land and they will never again be remembered. Moreover, I will remove the prophets and the unclean spirit from the land. 3 Then, if anyone prophesies in spite of this, his father and mother to whom he was born will say to him, ‘You cannot live, for you lie in the name of the Lord.’ Then his father and mother to whom he was born will run him through with a sword when he prophesies. 4 “Therefore, on that day each prophet will be ashamed of his vision when he prophesies and will no longer wear the hairy garment of a prophet to deceive the people. 5 Instead he will say, ‘I am no prophet; indeed, I am a farmer, for a man has made me his indentured servant since my youth.’ 6 Then someone will ask him, ‘What are these wounds on your chest?’ and he will answer, ‘Some that I received in the house of my friends.’
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

Matthew 3:4

New Testament
2 “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near.” 3 For he is the one about whom the prophet Isaiah had spoken: “The voice of one shouting in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way for the Lord, make his paths straight.’” 4 Now John wore clothing made from camel’s hair with a leather belt around his waist, and his diet consisted of locusts and wild honey. 5 Then people from Jerusalem, as well as all Judea and all the region around the Jordan, were going out to him, 6 and he was baptizing them in the Jordan River as they confessed their sins.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... John's ministry looks like the ministry of the eschatological Elijah from Malachi 3:1 and 4:5–6. John did no miracles unlike the Elijah of 1 Kings and 2 Kings. Instead, John's ministry was about calling Israel back to repentance and preparing God's people for God's arrival (compare Matt 3:2, 4–9 with Malachi 3:1 and 4:5–6). John the Baptist also dresses in the prophetic garb that Elijah was particularly remembered for wearing (2 Kings 1:8; Zechariah 13:4). The description of John the Baptist’s dress in Matthew 3:4 strongly resembles the description of Elijah’s dress in the LXX version of 2 Kings 1:8 ... Matthew was not telling us about John the Baptist’s dress sense to give fashion advice. He was doing it because it identifies John the Baptist with Elijah. John the Baptist also chooses the wilderness around the Jordan as the place of his ministry, which was also near the place that Elijah was believed to have ascended to heaven in 2 Kings 2:1–11. Finally to make the connection between John the Baptist and Elijah certain, John is explicitly called Elijah from Malachi 3:1 and 4:5–6 in Matthew 11:10, 14; 17:13 ..."
Aaron William Geddis, “The Concept of the Return of Elijah in Matthew 11:2–24 and Its Christological Implications” (ThM diss., University of Otago, 2020), 124.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Zechariah 13:4 and Matthew 3:4

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