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Matthew

About this book
Chapter 25

1 “At that time the kingdom of heaven will be like 10 virgins who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom. 2 Five of the virgins were foolish, and five were wise. 3 When the foolish ones took their lamps, they did not take extra olive oil with them. 4 But the wise ones took flasks of olive oil with their lamps. 5 When the bridegroom was delayed a long time, they all became drowsy and fell asleep. 6 But at midnight there was a shout, ‘Look, the bridegroom is here! Come out to meet him.’ 7 Then all the virgins woke up and trimmed their lamps. 8 The foolish ones said to the wise, ‘Give us some of your oil because our lamps are going out.’ 9 ‘No,’ they replied. ‘There won’t be enough for you and for us. Go instead to those who sell oil and buy some for yourselves.’ 10 But while they had gone to buy it, the bridegroom arrived, and those who were ready went inside with him to the wedding banquet. Then the door was shut.⁠ 11 Later, the other virgins came too, saying, ‘Lord, lord! Let us in!’ 12 But he replied, ‘I tell you the truth, I do not know you!’ 13 Therefore stay alert because you do not know the day or the hour. 14 “For it is like a man going on a journey, who summoned his slaves and entrusted his property to them. 15 To one he gave five talents, to another two, and to another one, each according to his ability. Then he went on his journey. 16 The one who had received five talents went off right away and put his money to work and gained five more. 17 In the same way, the one who had two gained two more. 18 But the one who had received one talent went out and dug a hole in the ground and hid his master’s money in it. 19 After a long time, the master of those slaves came and settled his accounts with them. 20 The one who had received the five talents came and brought five more, saying, ‘Sir, you entrusted me with five talents. See, I have gained five more.’ 21 His master answered, ‘Well done, good and faithful slave! You have been faithful in a few things. I will put you in charge of many things. Enter into the joy of your master.’ 22 The one with the two talents also came and said, ‘Sir, you entrusted two talents to me. See, I have gained two more.’ 23 His master answered, ‘Well done, good and faithful slave! You have been faithful with a few things. I will put you in charge of many things. Enter into the joy of your master.’ 24 Then the one who had received the one talent came and said, ‘Sir, I knew that you were a hard man, harvesting where you did not sow, and gathering where you did not scatter seed, 25 so I was afraid, and I went and hid your talent in the ground. See, you have what is yours.’ 26 But his master answered, ‘Evil and lazy slave! So you knew that I harvest where I didn’t sow and gather where I didn’t scatter? 27 Then you should have deposited my money with the bankers, and on my return I would have received my money back with interest! 28 Therefore take the talent from him and give it to the one who has 10. 29 For the one who has will be given more, and he will have more than enough. But the one who does not have, even what he has will be taken from him. 30 And throw that worthless slave into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’⁠ 31 “When the Son of Man comes in his glory and all the angels with him, then he will sit on his glorious throne.⁠ 32 All the nations will be assembled before him, and he will separate people one from another like a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats.⁠ 33 He will put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left.⁠ 34 Then the king will say to those on his right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.⁠ 35 For I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in,⁠ 36 I was naked and you gave me clothing,⁠ I was sick and you took care of me, I was in prison and you visited me.’ 37 Then the righteous will answer him, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink?⁠ 38 When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or naked and clothe you? 39 When did we see you sick or in prison and visit you?’⁠ 40 And the king will answer them, ‘I tell you the truth, just as you did it for one of the least of these brothers or sisters of mine, you did it for me.’⁠ 41 “Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you accursed, into the eternal fire that has been prepared for the devil and his angels!⁠ 42 For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink. 43 I was a stranger and you did not receive me as a guest, naked and you did not clothe me, sick and in prison and you did not visit me.’ 44 Then they too will answer, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or naked or sick or in prison, and did not give you whatever you needed?’ 45 Then he will answer them, ‘I tell you the truth, just as you did not do it for one of the least of these, you did not do it for me.’ 46 And these will depart into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 54:5 and Matthew 25:41

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew 25, Jesus describes the unrighteous thrown into fire prepared for the devil and his angels, which parallels 1 Enoch 54 where Azazel and his followers are bound in chains and thrown into a fiery abyss prepared for them.

Passages

1 Enoch 54:5

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 And I looked and turned to another part of the earth, and saw there a deep valley with burning fire. 2 They brought the kings and the mighty, and began to throw them into this deep valley. 3 There, my eyes saw how they made these instruments, iron chains of immense weight. 4 I asked the angel of peace who was with me, 'For whom are these chains being prepared?' 5 He said to me, 'These are being prepared for the armies of Azâzêl, so they may take them and throw them into the abyss of complete condemnation, and they shall cover their jaws with rough stones as the Lord of Spirits commanded.' 6 Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Phanuel will seize them on that great day, and throw them into the burning furnace, that the Lord of Spirits may avenge their wickedness in submitting to Satan and leading astray those who dwell on the earth.'
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Matthew 25:41

New Testament
39 When did we see you sick or in prison and visit you?’ 40 And the king will answer them, ‘I tell you the truth, just as you did it for one of the least of these brothers or sisters of mine, you did it for me.’ 41 “Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you accursed, into the eternal fire that has been prepared for the devil and his angels! 42 For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink. 43 I was a stranger and you did not receive me as a guest, naked and you did not clothe me, sick and in prison and you did not visit me.’
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... The influence of the Parables of Enoch on Matthew 25.31-46 is significant for this study, because it opens up the possibility that the Azazel traditions attested in the Parables have impacted the judgement scene as well. Having narrated the king’s dealings with the righteous ‘sheep’, Matthew writes, ‘Then he will say to those at his left hand, “Depart from me, cursed ones, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels”’ (Matt 25.41). Walck draws attention to a parallel passage in 1 Enoch 54, where Enoch is shown a deep valley with burning fire, into which the kings and the mighty of the earth are thrown (1 Enoch 54.1-2). The patriarch asks his angelus interpres about the great iron chains (1 Enoch 54.3-4), and the angel responds, ‘These are being prepared for the host of Azazel, that they might take them and throw them into the abyss of complete judgement’ (1 Enoch 54.5). A chapter later, Azazel’s punishment is described in more detail: ‘Mighty kings who dwell on the earth, you will have to witness my Chosen One [= Son of Man], how he will sit on the throne of glory and judge Azazel, and all his associates and all his host in the name of the Lord of Spirits’ (1 Enoch 55.4). As Walck remarks, ‘The “Devil and all his angels” (Mt. 25.41) bears a striking resemblance to “Azazel and all his associates and all his host” (1 Enoch 55.4).’ ..."
Hans M. Moscicke, “The Final Judgement as Ritual Purgation of the Cosmos: The Influence of Scapegoat Traditions on Matt 25.31–46,” NTS 67.2 (2021): 241–259.

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1 Enoch 54:5 and Matthew 25:41

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