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Matthew

About this book
Chapter 25

1 “At that time the kingdom of heaven will be like 10 virgins who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom. 2 Five of the virgins were foolish, and five were wise. 3 When the foolish ones took their lamps, they did not take extra olive oil with them. 4 But the wise ones took flasks of olive oil with their lamps. 5 When the bridegroom was delayed a long time, they all became drowsy and fell asleep. 6 But at midnight there was a shout, ‘Look, the bridegroom is here! Come out to meet him.’ 7 Then all the virgins woke up and trimmed their lamps. 8 The foolish ones said to the wise, ‘Give us some of your oil because our lamps are going out.’ 9 ‘No,’ they replied. ‘There won’t be enough for you and for us. Go instead to those who sell oil and buy some for yourselves.’ 10 But while they had gone to buy it, the bridegroom arrived, and those who were ready went inside with him to the wedding banquet. Then the door was shut.⁠ 11 Later, the other virgins came too, saying, ‘Lord, lord! Let us in!’ 12 But he replied, ‘I tell you the truth, I do not know you!’ 13 Therefore stay alert because you do not know the day or the hour. 14 “For it is like a man going on a journey, who summoned his slaves and entrusted his property to them. 15 To one he gave five talents, to another two, and to another one, each according to his ability. Then he went on his journey. 16 The one who had received five talents went off right away and put his money to work and gained five more. 17 In the same way, the one who had two gained two more. 18 But the one who had received one talent went out and dug a hole in the ground and hid his master’s money in it. 19 After a long time, the master of those slaves came and settled his accounts with them. 20 The one who had received the five talents came and brought five more, saying, ‘Sir, you entrusted me with five talents. See, I have gained five more.’ 21 His master answered, ‘Well done, good and faithful slave! You have been faithful in a few things. I will put you in charge of many things. Enter into the joy of your master.’ 22 The one with the two talents also came and said, ‘Sir, you entrusted two talents to me. See, I have gained two more.’ 23 His master answered, ‘Well done, good and faithful slave! You have been faithful with a few things. I will put you in charge of many things. Enter into the joy of your master.’ 24 Then the one who had received the one talent came and said, ‘Sir, I knew that you were a hard man, harvesting where you did not sow, and gathering where you did not scatter seed, 25 so I was afraid, and I went and hid your talent in the ground. See, you have what is yours.’ 26 But his master answered, ‘Evil and lazy slave! So you knew that I harvest where I didn’t sow and gather where I didn’t scatter? 27 Then you should have deposited my money with the bankers, and on my return I would have received my money back with interest! 28 Therefore take the talent from him and give it to the one who has 10. 29 For the one who has will be given more, and he will have more than enough. But the one who does not have, even what he has will be taken from him. 30 And throw that worthless slave into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’⁠ 31 “When the Son of Man comes in his glory and all the angels with him, then he will sit on his glorious throne.⁠ 32 All the nations will be assembled before him, and he will separate people one from another like a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats.⁠ 33 He will put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left.⁠ 34 Then the king will say to those on his right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.⁠ 35 For I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in,⁠ 36 I was naked and you gave me clothing,⁠ I was sick and you took care of me, I was in prison and you visited me.’ 37 Then the righteous will answer him, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink?⁠ 38 When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or naked and clothe you? 39 When did we see you sick or in prison and visit you?’⁠ 40 And the king will answer them, ‘I tell you the truth, just as you did it for one of the least of these brothers or sisters of mine, you did it for me.’⁠ 41 “Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you accursed, into the eternal fire that has been prepared for the devil and his angels!⁠ 42 For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink. 43 I was a stranger and you did not receive me as a guest, naked and you did not clothe me, sick and in prison and you did not visit me.’ 44 Then they too will answer, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or naked or sick or in prison, and did not give you whatever you needed?’ 45 Then he will answer them, ‘I tell you the truth, just as you did not do it for one of the least of these, you did not do it for me.’ 46 And these will depart into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 62:2 and Matthew 25:31

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

Matthew describes the Son of Man seated on a throne of glory and separating people to be judged. This follows a pattern similar to 1 Enoch, where the Chosen One also sits on a throne and executes judgment through his words.

Passages

1 Enoch 62:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 The Lord commanded the kings, the mighty, the exalted, and those who dwell on the earth, saying: 'Open your eyes and lift up your horns if you are able to recognize the Chosen One.' 2 The Lord of Spirits seated him on the throne of His glory, and the spirit of righteousness was poured out upon him. The words from his mouth slay all sinners, and all the unrighteous are destroyed from his presence. 3 On that day, all the kings, the mighty, the exalted, and those who hold the earth will stand, and they shall see and recognize how he sits on the throne of his glory, and how righteousness is judged before him, and no false word is spoken before him. 4 Pain will come upon them as upon a woman in childbirth, when her child enters the birth canal, and she feels the agony of delivery. 5 One group will look at another in terror, their faces will fall, and pain will seize them when they see the Son of Man sitting on the throne of his glory.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Matthew 25:31

New Testament
31 “When the Son of Man comes in his glory and all the angels with him, then he will sit on his glorious throne. 32 All the nations will be assembled before him, and he will separate people one from another like a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. 33 He will put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left. 34 Then the king will say to those on his right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. 35 For I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in, 36 I was naked and you gave me clothing, I was sick and you took care of me, I was in prison and you visited me.’
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... Now at this point one might appear incautious and adventurous in using 1 Enoch at all. The absence of chapters 37-71 from among the Qumran finds reinforces already existing doubt about dating, and the possibility of Christian interference with the text only increases uncertainty. Nevertheless, I do not believe that 1 Enoch is unusable nor that the parallelism between 62-63 and Matthew 25:31-46 can be discounted, provided the argument is protected in the following way: (a) Even if 1 Enoch 37-71 were, to put it most unfavorably, post-Matthaean in date and demonstrably Christianized in content it could still be used as a means of comparison bringing about a sensitivity to the possibility of similar patterns of thought in Matthew. The existence of such patterns in Matthew would not thereby have been proved, but the possibility of their providing an entree into the essential structure of the Matthaean material would have been kept open. (b) The age of a document and the age of the traditions contained in it are not necessarily identical, and in this instance, we do appear to be dealing with a scheme which is much older than both 1 Enoch and Matthew. In other words, form-criticism makes a significant contribution here and, in particular, reference must be made to the work of G. W. E. Nickelsburg which uncovered the existence of a long-established pre-Enochian scheme describing the exaltation of formerly persecuted persons and the passing of judgement on their erstwhile persecutors. This scheme, which draws on Isaiah 13-14, 52-53, is picked up in Daniel 7. 12-13 and can be seen emerging in Wisdom of Solomon 2:4-5 as well as in 1 Enoch 62-63 and elsewhere ..."
David R. Catchpole, “The Poor on Earth and the Son of Man in Heaven: A Re-Appraisal of Matthew 25:31–46,” BJRL 61 (1979): 355–397.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 62:2 and Matthew 25:31

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