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Matthew

About this book
Chapter 18

1 At that time the disciples came to Jesus saying, “Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?” 2 He called a child, had him stand among them, 3 and said, “I tell you the truth, unless you turn around and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven!⁠ 4 Whoever then humbles himself like this little child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven. 5 And whoever welcomes a child like this in my name welcomes me. 6 “But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him to have a huge millstone hung around his neck and to be drowned in the open sea.⁠ 7 Woe to the world because of stumbling blocks! It is necessary that stumbling blocks come, but woe to the person through whom they come. 8 If your hand or your foot causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life crippled or lame than to have two hands or two feet and be thrown into eternal fire. 9 And if your eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter into life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into fiery hell. 10 “See that you do not disdain one of these little ones. For I tell you that their angels in heaven always see the face of my Father in heaven.⁠ 12 What do you think? If someone owns a hundred sheep and one of them goes astray, will he not leave the ninety-nine on the mountains and go look for the one that went astray?⁠ 13 And if he finds it, I tell you the truth, he will rejoice more over it than over the ninety-nine that did not go astray.⁠ 14 In the same way, your Father in heaven is not willing that one of these little ones be lost. 15 “If your brother sins, go and show him his fault when the two of you are alone.⁠ If he listens to you, you have regained your brother.⁠ 16 But if he does not listen, take one or two others with you, so that at the testimony of two or three witnesses every matter may be established.⁠ 17 If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. If he refuses to listen to the church, treat him like a Gentile or a tax collector. 18 “I tell you the truth, whatever you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven, and whatever you release on earth will have been released in heaven. 19 Again, I tell you the truth, if two of you on earth agree about whatever you ask, my Father in heaven will do it for you.⁠ 20 For where two or three are assembled in my name, I am there among them.”⁠ 21 Then Peter came to him and said, “Lord, how many times must I forgive my brother who sins against me? As many as seven times?” 22 Jesus said to him, “Not seven times, I tell you, but seventy-seven times!⁠ 23 “For this reason, the kingdom of heaven is like a king who wanted to settle accounts with his slaves.⁠ 24 As he began settling his accounts, a man who owed 10,000 talents was brought to him. 25 Because he was not able to repay it, the lord ordered him to be sold, along with his wife, children, and whatever he possessed, and repayment to be made. 26 Then the slave threw himself to the ground before him, saying, ‘Be patient with me, and I will repay you everything.’ 27 The lord had compassion on that slave and released him, and forgave him the debt. 28 After he went out, that same slave found one of his fellow slaves who owed him 100 silver coins. So he grabbed him by the throat and started to choke him, saying, ‘Pay back what you owe me!’ 29 Then his fellow slave threw himself down and begged him, ‘Be patient with me, and I will repay you.’ 30 But he refused. Instead, he went out and threw him in prison until he repaid the debt. 31 When his fellow slaves saw what had happened, they were very upset and went and told their lord everything that had taken place. 32 Then his lord called the first slave and said to him, ‘Evil slave! I forgave you all that debt because you begged me! 33 Should you not have shown mercy to your fellow slave, just as I showed it to you?’ 34 And in anger his lord turned him over to the prison guards to torture him until he repaid all he owed. 35 So also my heavenly Father will do to you, if each of you does not forgive your brother from your heart.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Matthew 18:10 and 2 Baruch 48:19

New Testament · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

2 Baruch appeals to God for the “little ones,” likely referring to immature members of the community, asking for their protection as part of the chosen people. Matthew similarly emphasizes the value of the “little ones” that need extra protection.

Passages

Matthew 18:10

New Testament
9 And if your eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter into life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into fiery hell. 10 “See that you do not disdain one of these little ones. For I tell you that their angels in heaven always see the face of my Father in heaven. 12 What do you think? If someone owns a hundred sheep and one of them goes astray, will he not leave the ninety-nine on the mountains and go look for the one that went astray? 13 And if he finds it, I tell you the truth, he will rejoice more over it than over the ninety-nine that did not go astray. 14 In the same way, your Father in heaven is not willing that one of these little ones be lost. 15 “If your brother sins, go and show him his fault when the two of you are alone. If he listens to you, you have regained your brother.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

2 Baruch 48:19

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch
15 For look, by Your gift do we come into the world, And we do not depart of our own will. 16 For we did not say to our parents, ‘Conceive us,’ Nor did we send to Sheol and say, ‘Receive us.’ 17 What therefore is our strength that we should bear Your wrath Or what are we that we should endure Your judgement? 18 Protect us in Your compassion, And in Your mercy help us. 19 Look at the little ones that are subject to You, And save all that draw near to You: And do not destroy the hope of our people, And do not cut short the times of our aid. 20 For this is the nation which You have chosen, And these are the people, to whom You find no equal. 21 But I will speak now before You, And I will say as my heart thinks.
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Baruch

References

"... In an attempt to exclude the possibility of an identification of μικροί ('little ones') with παιδία ('children') in the passages above, Luz wonders why a statement about leading the 'little ones' astray appears at the beginning of the discourse on community. A possible answer to this, I shall suggest, is that this statement appears there because its main purpose was to strongly warn those with a relatively high spiritual status (i.e., the spiritually mature members of the church) about how they were to behave vis-à-vis and relate to the weaker members (i.e., the spiritually immature members) of the church. This proposal may find support in Judaism, where the socially weak, the childish and immature could be designated as 'little ones'. (Compare Michel, 'μικρός', 4.648; 2 Baruch 48:19; this fact is also recognized by Luz, who then distances himself from it; Matthew, 2.121) An understanding of the 'little ones' of 18:6-14 (compare 'little children', especially in verses 3, 5) in their Matthean context as referring to all ordinary Christians in Matthew’s church is open to debate ..."
Isaac Kahwa Mbabazi, The Significance of Interpersonal Forgiveness in Matthew’s Gospel (University of Manchester, 2011), 54.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Matthew 18:10 and 2 Baruch 48:19

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