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Matthew

About this book
Chapter 10

1 Jesus called his 12 disciples and gave them authority over unclean spirits so they could cast them out and heal every kind of disease and sickness. 2 Now these are the names of the 12 apostles: first, Simon (called Peter), and Andrew his brother; James son of Zebedee and John his brother; 3 Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; 4 Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. 5 Jesus sent out these 12, instructing them as follows: “Do not go on a road that leads to Gentile regions and do not enter any Samaritan town. 6 Go instead to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 7 As you go, preach this message: ‘The kingdom of heaven is near!’ 8 Heal the sick,⁠ raise the dead,⁠ cleanse lepers, cast out demons. Freely you received, freely give.⁠ 9 Do not take gold, silver, or copper in your belts; 10 no bag for the journey; or an extra tunic, or sandals or staff; for the worker deserves his provisions. 11 Whenever you enter a town or village, find out who is worthy there and stay with them until you leave. 12 As you enter the house, greet those within it. 13 And if the house is worthy, let your peace come on it, but if it is not worthy, let your peace return to you. 14 And if anyone will not welcome you or listen to your message, shake the dust off your feet as you leave that house or that town. 15 I tell you the truth, it will be more bearable for the region of Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that town! 16 “I am sending you out like sheep surrounded by wolves,⁠ so be wise as serpents and innocent as doves.⁠ 17 Beware of people, because they will hand you over to councils and flog you in their synagogues. 18 And you will be brought before governors and kings because of me, as a witness to them and to the Gentiles.⁠ 19 Whenever they hand you over for trial, do not worry about how to speak or what to say, for what you should say will be given to you at that time. 20 For it is not you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you. 21 “Brother will hand over brother to death, and a father his child. Children will rise against parents and have them put to death.⁠ 22 And you will be hated by everyone because of my name. But the one who endures to the end will be saved!⁠ 23 Whenever they persecute you in one town, flee to another! I tell you the truth, you will not finish going through all the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes. 24 “A disciple is not greater than his teacher, nor a slave greater than his master. 25 It is enough for the disciple to become like his teacher, and the slave like his master. If they have called the head of the house ‘Beelzebul,’ how much worse will they call the members of his household!⁠ 26 “Do not be afraid of them, for nothing is hidden that will not be revealed, and nothing is secret that will not be made known. 27 What I say to you in the dark, tell in the light, and what is whispered in your ear, proclaim from the housetops. 28 Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Instead, fear the one who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.⁠ 29 Aren’t two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them falls to the ground apart from your Father’s will.⁠ 30 Even all the hairs on your head are numbered. 31 So do not be afraid; you are more valuable than many sparrows. 32 “Whoever, then, acknowledges me before people, I will acknowledge before my Father in heaven.⁠ 33 But whoever denies me before people, I will deny him also before my Father in heaven. 34 “Do not think that I have come to bring peace to the earth. I have not come to bring peace but a sword!⁠ 35 For I have come to set a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law,⁠ 36 and a man’s enemies will be the members of his household. 37 “Whoever loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me, and whoever loves son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me.⁠ 38 And whoever does not take up his cross and follow me is not worthy of me. 39 Whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life because of me will find it.⁠ 40 “Whoever receives you receives me, and whoever receives me receives the one who sent me.⁠ 41 Whoever receives a prophet in the name of a prophet will receive a prophet’s reward. Whoever receives a righteous person in the name of a righteous person will receive a righteous person’s reward. 42 And whoever gives only a cup of cold water to one of these little ones in the name of a disciple, I tell you the truth, he will never lose his reward.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Matthew 10:8 and Leviticus Rabbah 10:4

New Testament · Rabbinic

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Summary

Matthew and Rabbinic tradition in Leviticus Rabbah follow Jewish tradition where healing and raising the dead are done by speech, not ritual. In both, authoritative speech from disciples is shown to be sufficient to restore life or health.

Passages

Matthew 10:8

New Testament
5 Jesus sent out these 12, instructing them as follows: “Do not go on a road that leads to Gentile regions and do not enter any Samaritan town. 6 Go instead to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 7 As you go, preach this message: ‘The kingdom of heaven is near!’ 8 Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse lepers, cast out demons. Freely you received, freely give. 9 Do not take gold, silver, or copper in your belts; 10 no bag for the journey; or an extra tunic, or sandals or staff; for the worker deserves his provisions.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

Leviticus Rabbah 10:4

Rabbinic · Aggadah
Another matter, “Take Aaron, and his sons with him” – that is what the verse said: “Deliver those taken to death; [if only you would save] those likely to be killed” (Proverbs 24:11). Antoninus ascended to Rabbi [Yehuda HaNasi]. He found Rabbi [Yehuda HaNasi] sitting with his disciples before him. He said to him: ‘Are these the ones of whom you boast?’ He said to him: ‘Yes. The least of them can revive the dead.’ Some time later, a servant of Antoninus was dying. He sent to [Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi] and said: ‘Send one of your disciples, so he will revive this dead person for me.’ He sent him one of his disciples, some say it was Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta. He came and found [the servant] recumbent. He said to him: ‘Why are you recumbent while your master is standing on his feet?’ He immediately shook violently and stood up.
500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Leviticus Rabbah

References

"... Only a few individuals who probably stood outside of the rabbinic movement but were later ‘rabbinized’, such as Chanina b. Dosa, are associated with healings. According to a possibly tannaitic tradition transmitted in Yerushalmi Berakot 5:5, 9d, R. Gamliel sent for ‘Rabbi’ Chanina b. Dosa to heal his son. The way in which the healing was accomplished is not specified. The story merely relates that when Chanina came down from the upper room, he said that the son had recovered. The miraculous element was probably intentionally left out by the rabbinic tradents and/or editors of the narrative. It is also missing in a story about a disciple of the patriarch R. Yehudah ha-Nasi, who allegedly healed a slave of a Roman emperor by the name Antoninus: ‘He said to him: Why is it that you are lying down while your master [Antoninus] is standing on his feet? Immediately the man shook violently and rose’ (Leviticus Rabbah 10:4). In line with the focus of rabbis on words, miraculous actions are replaced by a speech act here. Similarly, rabbinic predictions that someone would die as a punishment of his actions are generally presented as efficacious ..."
Catherine Hezser, “Representations of the Physician in Jewish Literature from Hellenistic and Roman Times,” in Popular Medicine in Graeco-Roman Antiquity: Explorations, ed. William V. Harris (Leiden: Brill, 2016), 173–197.

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Matthew 10:8 and Leviticus Rabbah 10:4

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