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Matthew

About this book
Chapter 10

1 Jesus called his 12 disciples and gave them authority over unclean spirits so they could cast them out and heal every kind of disease and sickness. 2 Now these are the names of the 12 apostles: first, Simon (called Peter), and Andrew his brother; James son of Zebedee and John his brother; 3 Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; 4 Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. 5 Jesus sent out these 12, instructing them as follows: “Do not go on a road that leads to Gentile regions and do not enter any Samaritan town. 6 Go instead to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 7 As you go, preach this message: ‘The kingdom of heaven is near!’ 8 Heal the sick,⁠ raise the dead,⁠ cleanse lepers, cast out demons. Freely you received, freely give.⁠ 9 Do not take gold, silver, or copper in your belts; 10 no bag for the journey; or an extra tunic, or sandals or staff; for the worker deserves his provisions. 11 Whenever you enter a town or village, find out who is worthy there and stay with them until you leave. 12 As you enter the house, greet those within it. 13 And if the house is worthy, let your peace come on it, but if it is not worthy, let your peace return to you. 14 And if anyone will not welcome you or listen to your message, shake the dust off your feet as you leave that house or that town. 15 I tell you the truth, it will be more bearable for the region of Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that town! 16 “I am sending you out like sheep surrounded by wolves,⁠ so be wise as serpents and innocent as doves.⁠ 17 Beware of people, because they will hand you over to councils and flog you in their synagogues. 18 And you will be brought before governors and kings because of me, as a witness to them and to the Gentiles.⁠ 19 Whenever they hand you over for trial, do not worry about how to speak or what to say, for what you should say will be given to you at that time. 20 For it is not you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you. 21 “Brother will hand over brother to death, and a father his child. Children will rise against parents and have them put to death.⁠ 22 And you will be hated by everyone because of my name. But the one who endures to the end will be saved!⁠ 23 Whenever they persecute you in one town, flee to another! I tell you the truth, you will not finish going through all the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes. 24 “A disciple is not greater than his teacher, nor a slave greater than his master. 25 It is enough for the disciple to become like his teacher, and the slave like his master. If they have called the head of the house ‘Beelzebul,’ how much worse will they call the members of his household!⁠ 26 “Do not be afraid of them, for nothing is hidden that will not be revealed, and nothing is secret that will not be made known. 27 What I say to you in the dark, tell in the light, and what is whispered in your ear, proclaim from the housetops. 28 Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Instead, fear the one who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.⁠ 29 Aren’t two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them falls to the ground apart from your Father’s will.⁠ 30 Even all the hairs on your head are numbered. 31 So do not be afraid; you are more valuable than many sparrows. 32 “Whoever, then, acknowledges me before people, I will acknowledge before my Father in heaven.⁠ 33 But whoever denies me before people, I will deny him also before my Father in heaven. 34 “Do not think that I have come to bring peace to the earth. I have not come to bring peace but a sword!⁠ 35 For I have come to set a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law,⁠ 36 and a man’s enemies will be the members of his household. 37 “Whoever loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me, and whoever loves son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me.⁠ 38 And whoever does not take up his cross and follow me is not worthy of me. 39 Whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life because of me will find it.⁠ 40 “Whoever receives you receives me, and whoever receives me receives the one who sent me.⁠ 41 Whoever receives a prophet in the name of a prophet will receive a prophet’s reward. Whoever receives a righteous person in the name of a righteous person will receive a righteous person’s reward. 42 And whoever gives only a cup of cold water to one of these little ones in the name of a disciple, I tell you the truth, he will never lose his reward.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Matthew 10:34 and Luke 12:49 and Gospel of Thomas 16

New Testament · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In Matthew, Jesus brings a sword; in Luke, he brings fire and division. All three images appear in one saying in the Gospel of Thomas, combining features that occur separately in the two Gospels.

Passages

Matthew 10:34

New Testament
34 “Do not think that I have come to bring peace to the earth. I have not come to bring peace but a sword! 35 For I have come to set a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law, 36 and a man’s enemies will be the members of his household.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

Luke 12:49

New Testament
49 “I have come to bring fire on the earth—and how I wish it were already kindled! 50 I have a baptism to undergo, and how distressed I am until it is finished! 51 Do you think I have come to bring peace on earth? No, I tell you, but rather division!
75–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Luke

Gospel of Thomas 16

Nag Hammadi
15 Jesus said, “When you see one who was not born of woman, fall on your faces and worship him; that one is your Father.” 16 Jesus said, “People perhaps think I have come to cast peace upon the world, and they do not know that I have come to cast divisions upon the earth: fire, sword, war. For there will be five in a house: three will be against two and two against three, the father against the son and the son against the father, and they will stand as solitary ones.” 17 Jesus said, “I will give you what no eye has seen and what no ear has heard and what no hand has touched and what has not arisen in the human heart.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

References

“... In the second half of the saying, one usually wants to choose between [...] (“sword,” Matthew) and [...] (“division,” Luke). However, the text of GThom 16 suggests that Q 12:51b presented both terms. Furthermore, GThom 16 includes among its terms also “fire”; though certainly secondary in that context, it might indicate that its source coupled the two sayings Luke 12:49 (= GThom 10) and 12:51. That would be a strong argument for the inclusion of Luke 12:49 in Q. ...”
Helmut Koester, “Q and Its Relatives,” in Gospel Origins & Christian Beginnings: In Honor of James M. Robinson, ed. James E. Goehring, Charles W. Hedrick, Jack T. Sanders, and Hans Dieter Betz, Forum Fascicles (Sonoma, CA: Polebridge, 1990), 62.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Matthew 10:34 and Luke 12:49 and Gospel of Thomas 16

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