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Mark

About this book
Chapter 4

1 Again he began to teach by the lake. Such a large crowd gathered around him that he got into a boat on the lake and sat there while the whole crowd was on the shore by the lake. 2 He taught them many things in parables, and in his teaching said to them: 3 “Listen! A sower went out to sow.⁠ 4 And as he sowed, some seed fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured it.⁠ 5 Other seed fell on rocky ground where it did not have much soil. It sprang up at once because the soil was not deep. 6 When the sun came up it was scorched, and because it did not have sufficient root, it withered. 7 Other seed fell among the thorns, and they grew up and choked it, and it did not produce grain. 8 But other seed fell on good soil and produced grain, sprouting and growing; some yielded thirty times as much, some sixty, and some a hundred times.”⁠ 9 And he said, “Whoever has ears to hear had better listen!” 10 When he was alone, those around him with the Twelve asked him about the parables. 11 He said to them, “The secret of the kingdom of God has been given to you. But to those outside, everything is in parables,⁠ 12 “so that although they look they may look but not see, and although they hear they may hear but not understand, so they may not repent and be forgiven.” 13 He said to them, “Don’t you understand this parable? Then how will you understand any parable? 14 The sower sows the word. 15 These are the ones on the path where the word is sown: Whenever they hear, immediately Satan comes and snatches the word that was sown in them. 16 These are the ones sown on rocky ground: As soon as they hear the word, they receive it with joy. 17 But they have no root in themselves and do not endure. Then, when trouble or persecution comes because of the word, immediately they fall away. 18 Others are the ones sown among thorns:⁠ They are those who hear the word, 19 but worldly cares, the seductiveness of wealth, and the desire for other things come in and choke the word, and it produces nothing. 20 But these are the ones sown on good soil: They hear the word and receive it and bear fruit, one thirty times as much, one sixty, and one a hundred.” 21 He also said to them, “A lamp isn’t brought to be put under a basket or under a bed, is it? Isn’t it to be placed on a lampstand? 22 For nothing is hidden except to be revealed,⁠ and nothing concealed except to be brought to light. 23 If anyone has ears to hear, he had better listen!” 24 And he said to them, “Take care about what you hear. The measure you use will be the measure you receive, and more will be added to you. 25 For whoever has will be given more, but whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken from him.”⁠ 26 He also said, “The kingdom of God is like someone who spreads seed on the ground. 27 He goes to sleep and gets up, night and day, and the seed sprouts and grows, though he does not know how. 28 By itself the soil produces a crop, first the stalk, then the head, then the full grain in the head. 29 And when the grain is ripe, he sends in the sickle because the harvest has come.”⁠ 30 He also asked, “To what can we compare the kingdom of God, or what parable can we use to present it? 31 It is like a mustard seed⁠ that when sown in the ground, even though it is the smallest of all the seeds in the ground— 32 when it is sown, it grows up, becomes the greatest of all garden plants, and grows large branches so that the wild birds can nest in its shade.” 33 So with many parables like these, he spoke the word to them, as they were able to hear. 34 He did not speak to them without a parable. But privately he explained everything to his own disciples. 35 On that day, when evening came, Jesus said to his disciples, “Let’s go across to the other side of the lake.” 36 So after leaving the crowd, they took him along, just as he was, in the boat, and other boats were with him. 37 Now a great windstorm developed and the waves were breaking into the boat, so that the boat was nearly swamped.⁠ 38 But he was in the stern, sleeping on a cushion. They woke him up and said to him, “Teacher, don’t you care that we are about to die?” 39 So he got up and rebuked the wind, and said to the sea, “Be quiet! Calm down!” Then the wind stopped, and it was dead calm. 40 And he said to them, “Why are you cowardly? Do you still not have faith?” 41 They were overwhelmed by fear and said to one another, “Who then is this? Even the wind and sea obey him!”

Texts in conversation

Compare Mark 4:19 and Shepherd of Hermas 97:1

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

In the parable of the sower in Mark, thorns represent people whose cares and wealth choke the divine word. Similarly, in the Shepherd of Hermas, a mountain of thorns and briars represents the wealthy and busy, whose priorities choke their faith.

Passages

Mark 4:19

New Testament
13 He said to them, “Don’t you understand this parable? Then how will you understand any parable? 14 The sower sows the word. 15 These are the ones on the path where the word is sown: Whenever they hear, immediately Satan comes and snatches the word that was sown in them. 16 These are the ones sown on rocky ground: As soon as they hear the word, they receive it with joy. 17 But they have no root in themselves and do not endure. Then, when trouble or persecution comes because of the word, immediately they fall away. 18 Others are the ones sown among thorns: They are those who hear the word, 19 but worldly cares, the seductiveness of wealth, and the desire for other things come in and choke the word, and it produces nothing. 20 But these are the ones sown on good soil: They hear the word and receive it and bear fruit, one thirty times as much, one sixty, and one a hundred.”
60–75 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Mark

Shepherd of Hermas 97:1

Early Christian
1 “And from the third mountain, which had thorns and briars, those who believed are like this: some of them are wealthy, and others are tangled in many business dealings. The briars represent the wealthy, and the thorns those who are caught up in various business matters. 2 These, then, who are involved in many and varied affairs, do not cling to God’s servants but go astray, choked by their affairs; and the wealthy are reluctant to associate with God’s servants, for fear that they will ask them for something. Such people will have difficulty entering the kingdom of God. 3 For just as it is difficult to walk barefoot over briars, so also it is difficult for these people to enter God’s kingdom. 4 But for all these, repentance is possible, though it must be quick, so that in the days that remain they may now make up for what they neglected to do in the past, and do some good. If they repent and do some good, they will live for God; but if they remain in their practices, they will be given over to those women who will put them to death.
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

References

“... The seed sown among the thorns is another image that in Judaism makes possible many associations about evil. The connection with wealth and business may even be rooted in catechetical tradition. The readers of the Gospel of Matthew are immediately reminded of 6:19-34 that dealt first with riches and then with worrying. [...] Cf. Herm. Sim. 9.1.1 = 78.1; 9.19.1 = 97.1: thorns and thistles = rich people and business people. ...”
Ulrich Luz, Matthew 8–20: A Commentary, ed. Helmut Koester (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2001), 249.
“... This chapter and all subsequent chapters through 29 speak of one group only, in this case from the third, thorny mountain full of thistles, those whose business and wealth get in the way of their living according to their faith [...]. By what can only be a careless slip or a manuscript problem in v. 1, not the distractions of wealth, etc., but the people are the thistles and thorns. This analogy does not continue in the rest of the explanation. Lying behind the whole imagery may be Mark 4:19 and its surrounding parable, or another version of the same allegory. ...”
Carolyn Osiek, The Shepherd of Hermas: A Commentary, Herm (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1999), 246.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Mark 4:19 and Shepherd of Hermas 97:1

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