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Mark

About this book
Chapter 2

1 Now after some days, when he returned to Capernaum, the news spread that he was at home. 2 So many gathered that there was no longer any room, not even by the door, and he preached the word to them. 3 Some people came bringing to him a paralytic, carried by four of them. 4 When they were not able to bring him in because of the crowd, they removed the roof above Jesus. Then, after tearing it out, they lowered the stretcher the paralytic was lying on. 5 When Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, “Son, your sins are forgiven.” 6 Now some of the experts in the law were sitting there, turning these things over in their minds: 7 “Why does this man speak this way? He is blaspheming! Who can forgive sins but God alone?” 8 Now immediately, when Jesus realized in his spirit that they were contemplating such thoughts, he said to them, “Why are you thinking such things in your hearts? 9 Which is easier, to say to the paralytic, ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Stand up, take your stretcher, and walk’? 10 But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins,”—he said to the paralytic—⁠ 11 “I tell you, stand up, take your stretcher, and go home.” 12 And immediately the man stood up, took his stretcher, and went out in front of them all. They were all amazed and glorified God, saying, “We have never seen anything like this!” 13 Jesus went out again by the sea. The whole crowd came to him, and he taught them. 14 As he went along, he saw Levi, the son of Alphaeus, sitting at the tax booth. “Follow me,” he said to him. And he got up and followed him. 15 As Jesus was having a meal in Levi’s home, many tax collectors and sinners were eating with Jesus and his disciples, for there were many who followed him. 16 When the experts in the law and the Pharisees saw that he was eating with sinners and tax collectors, they said to his disciples, “Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinners?”⁠ 17 When Jesus heard this he said to them, “Those who are healthy don’t need a physician, but those who are sick do. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners.” 18 Now John’s disciples and the Pharisees were fasting. So they came to Jesus and said, “Why do the disciples of John and the disciples of the Pharisees fast, but your disciples don’t fast?”⁠ 19 Jesus said to them, “The wedding guests cannot fast while the bridegroom is with them, can they? As long as they have the bridegroom with them they do not fast.⁠ 20 But the days are coming when the bridegroom will be taken from them, and at that time they will fast.⁠ 21 No one sews a patch of unshrunk cloth on an old garment;⁠ otherwise, the patch pulls away from it, the new from the old, and the tear becomes worse. 22 And no one pours new wine into old wineskins; otherwise, the wine will burst the skins, and both the wine and the skins will be destroyed. Instead new wine is poured into new wineskins.”⁠ 23 Jesus was going through the grain fields on a Sabbath, and his disciples began to pick some heads of wheat as they made their way. 24 So the Pharisees said to him, “Look, why are they doing what is against the law on the Sabbath?” 25 He said to them, “Have you never read what David did when he was in need and he and his companions were hungry— 26 how he entered the house of God when Abiathar was high priest and ate the sacred bread, which is against the law for any but the priests to eat, and also gave it to his companions?” 27 Then he said to them, “The Sabbath was made for people, not people for the Sabbath.⁠ 28 For this reason the Son of Man is lord even of the Sabbath.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Mark 2:20 and Gospel of Thomas 104

New Testament · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In Mark, the bridegroom is taken away from his companions before they fast. In the Gospel of Thomas, he leaves the bridal chamber, keeping the wedding image but leaving the reason for his departure and the identity of those fasting less clear.

Passages

Mark 2:20

New Testament
18 Now John’s disciples and the Pharisees were fasting. So they came to Jesus and said, “Why do the disciples of John and the disciples of the Pharisees fast, but your disciples don’t fast?” 19 Jesus said to them, “The wedding guests cannot fast while the bridegroom is with them, can they? As long as they have the bridegroom with them they do not fast. 20 But the days are coming when the bridegroom will be taken from them, and at that time they will fast.
60–75 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Mark

Gospel of Thomas 104

Nag Hammadi
103 Jesus said, “Blessed is the man who knows where and when the brigands will enter, so that he may rise, gather his domain, and gird his loins before they enter.” 104 They said to Jesus, “Come, let us pray today and let us fast.” Jesus said, “What sin have I committed, or in what have I been defeated? But when the bridegroom leaves the bridal chamber, then let them fast and pray.” 105 Jesus said, “Whoever knows the father and the mother will be called the child of a harlot.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

References

“... If fasting, prayer, almsgiving, and dietary observances form a quadrumvirate of praxis in 6 and 14, these customs are also either rejected or redefined elsewhere in the Gospel of Thomas. Fasting, prayer, and sin, for example, are similarly associated in Gos. Thom. 104: They said to Jesus, “Come, let us pray today and let us fast.” Jesus said, “What is the sin that I have committed, or wherein have I been defeated? But when the bridegroom leaves the bridal chamber, then let them fast and pray.” (Gos. Thom. 104.1–3) At first glance, it would seem that Jesus allows fasting in Gos. Thom. 104, although only after the bridegroom has departed from the bridal chamber. This, in fact, is precisely how the parallel saying is interpreted in the Synoptic Gospels. In Mark 2:18-20, for instance, Jesus is asked why the Pharisees and the disciples of John fast but his disciples do not. Jesus responds, “The wedding guests cannot fast while the bridegroom is with them, can they? As long as they have the bridegroom with them, they cannot fast. The days will come when the bridegroom is taken away from them, and then they will fast on that day” (Mark 2:19-20; cf. Matt 9:14-15; Luke 5:33-35). According to synoptic tradition, Jesus is the bridegroom and his disciples will indeed fast after his death. Yet, in Gos. Thom. 104, Jesus does not indicate that his followers will pray and fast. In fact, the identity of those who ask Jesus to join them in prayer and fasting is not revealed, and it should not be assumed that those who extend the invitation are Jesus’ disciples (cf. Gos. Thom. 91 and 100, where the precise identity of those who engage Jesus in conversation is not revealed). The meaning of 104 for the readers of Thomas hinges on the question of when the bridegroom will leave the bridal chamber. ...”
David J. Downs, Alms: Charity, Reward, and Atonement in Early Christianity (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2016), 208–209.

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Mark 2:20 and Gospel of Thomas 104

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