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Mark

About this book
Chapter 15

1 Early in the morning, after forming a plan, the chief priests with the elders and the experts in the law and the whole Sanhedrin tied Jesus up, led him away, and handed him over to Pilate. 2 So Pilate asked him, “Are you the king of the Jews?” He replied, “You say so.” 3 Then the chief priests began to accuse him repeatedly. 4 So Pilate asked him again, “Have you nothing to say? See how many charges they are bringing against you!” 5 But Jesus made no further reply, so that Pilate was amazed. 6 During the feast it was customary to release one prisoner to the people, whomever they requested. 7 A man named Barabbas was imprisoned with rebels who had committed murder during an insurrection. 8 Then the crowd came up and began to ask Pilate to release a prisoner for them, as was his custom. 9 So Pilate asked them, “Do you want me to release the king of the Jews for you?” 10 (For he knew that the chief priests had handed him over because of envy.) 11 But the chief priests stirred up the crowd to have him release Barabbas instead. 12 So Pilate spoke to them again, “Then what do you want me to do with the one you call king of the Jews?” 13 They shouted back, “Crucify him!” 14 Pilate asked them, “Why? What has he done wrong?” But they shouted more insistently, “Crucify him!” 15 Because he wanted to satisfy the crowd, Pilate released Barabbas for them. Then, after he had Jesus flogged, he handed him over to be crucified. 16 So the soldiers led him into the palace (that is, the governor’s residence) and called together the whole cohort. 17 They put a purple cloak on him and after braiding a crown of thorns, they put it on him. 18 They began to salute him: “Hail, king of the Jews!” 19 Again and again they struck him on the head with a staff and spit on him. Then they knelt down and paid homage to him. 20 When they had finished mocking him, they stripped him of the purple cloak and put his own clothes back on him. Then they led him away to crucify him. 21 The soldiers forced a passerby to carry his cross, Simon of Cyrene, who was coming in from the country (he was the father of Alexander and Rufus). 22 They brought Jesus to a place called Golgotha (which is translated, “Place of the Skull”). 23 They offered him wine mixed with myrrh, but he did not take it. 24 Then they crucified him and divided his clothes, throwing dice for them, to decide what each would take. 25 It was nine o’clock in the morning when they crucified him. 26 The inscription of the charge against him read, “The king of the Jews.” 27 And they crucified two outlaws with him, one on his right and one on his left. 28 Those who passed by defamed him, shaking their heads and saying, “Aha! You who can destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days, 29 save yourself and come down from the cross!” 30 In the same way even the chief priests—together with the experts in the law—were mocking him among themselves: “He saved others, but he cannot save himself! 31 Let the Christ, the king of Israel, come down from the cross now, that we may see and believe!” Those who were crucified with him also spoke abusively to him. 32 Now when it was noon, darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon. 33 Around three o’clock Jesus cried out with a loud voice, “Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?” which means, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”⁠ 34 When some of the bystanders heard it they said, “Listen, he is calling for Elijah!” 35 Then someone ran, filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on a stick, and gave it to him to drink, saying, “Leave him alone! Let’s see if Elijah will come to take him down!” 36 But Jesus cried out with a loud voice and breathed his last. 37 And the temple curtain was torn in two, from top to bottom. 38 Now when the centurion, who stood in front of him, saw how he died, he said, “Truly this man was God’s Son!” 39 There were also women, watching from a distance. Among them were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the younger and of Joses, and Salome. 40 When he was in Galilee, they had followed him and given him support.⁠ Many other women who had come up with him to Jerusalem were there too. 41 Now when evening had already come, since it was the day of preparation (that is, the day before the Sabbath), 42 Joseph of Arimathea, a highly regarded member of the council, who was himself looking forward to the kingdom of God, went boldly to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. 43 Pilate was surprised that he was already dead. He called the centurion and asked him if he had been dead for some time. 44 When Pilate was informed by the centurion, he gave the body to Joseph. 45 After Joseph bought a linen cloth and took down the body, he wrapped it in the linen and placed it in a tomb cut out of the rock. Then he rolled a stone across the entrance of the tomb. 46 Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses saw where the body was placed.

Texts in conversation

Compare Mark 15:34 and Gospel of Philip 8:25

New Testament · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

Mark's cry of abandonment reappears in the Gospel of Philip as an explanation of Jesus' separation on the cross. Philip places it near the separation of Adam and Eve, linking Jesus’ suffering on the cross with its claim that division brings death.

Passages

Mark 15:34

New Testament
33 Around three o’clock Jesus cried out with a loud voice, “Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?” which means, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” 34 When some of the bystanders heard it they said, “Listen, he is calling for Elijah!” 35 Then someone ran, filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on a stick, and gave it to him to drink, saying, “Leave him alone! Let’s see if Elijah will come to take him down!” 36 But Jesus cried out with a loud voice and breathed his last. 37 And the temple curtain was torn in two, from top to bottom. 38 Now when the centurion, who stood in front of him, saw how he died, he said, “Truly this man was God’s Son!”
60–75 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Mark

Gospel of Philip 8:25

Nag Hammadi
The days when Eve dwelt [inside] Adam, death did not exist. When she was separated from him, death came into being. When he enters again and receives it to himself, no death will occur. “[My] God, my God, why, O Lord, [have] you forsaken me?” It was on the cross that he spoke all this, because in that place he was divided. It was from what is [...] that he was begotten [...], through God. The [...] from among the dead [...] is, however, [...] he was complete [...] of flesh. However, this [...] is true flesh. [...] is not true, [but ...] image of what is true. A bridal chamber is not made for animals, nor is it made for slaves, nor for polluted women, but it is made for free men and virgins.
180–250 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Philip

References

“... In keeping with this, there is significant quotation of canonical language. In a baptismal context as in Matthew, Jesus says, “[This is how] we are to fulfil all righteousness.” There is reference by Jesus to “my Father in heaven,” to “the outer darkness,” and the instruction: “Go inside into your chamber and close the door and pray to your Father who is in secret.” On the cross, Jesus in the Gospel of Philip utters a slight variation on the cry of dereliction: “My God, my God, why o Lord have you forsaken me?” As Watson has noted, this is an unusually “straight” repetition of a canonical saying: “The Gospel of Philip applies the cry of derelic- tion solely to the earthly event, not to any heavenly analogy.” As is evident here, Matthew is a clear influence. There is also Johannine language, however: “If you know the truth, the truth will set you free.” To that extent there is what one might call absorption of the ...”
Simon Gathercole, “Afterword: Reading Gospels with the Gospel of Philip,” in Gospel Reading and Reception in Early Christian Literature, ed. Madison N. Pierce, Andrew J. Byers, and Simon Gathercole (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022), 237.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Mark 15:34 and Gospel of Philip 8:25

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