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Mark

About this book
Chapter 13

1 Now as Jesus was going out of the temple courts, one of his disciples said to him, “Teacher, look at these tremendous stones and buildings!” 2 Jesus said to him, “Do you see these great buildings? Not one stone will be left on another. All will be torn down!”⁠ 3 So while he was sitting on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter, James, John, and Andrew asked him privately, 4 “Tell us, when will these things happen? And what will be the sign that all these things are about to take place?” 5 Jesus began to say to them, “Watch out that no one misleads you. 6 Many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he,’ and they will mislead many. 7 When you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not be alarmed. These things must happen, but the end is still to come.⁠ 8 For nation will rise up in arms against nation, and kingdom against kingdom.⁠ There will be earthquakes in various places, and there will be famines. These are but the beginning of birth pains.⁠ 9 “You must watch out for yourselves. You will be handed over to councils and beaten in the synagogues. You will stand before governors and kings because of me, as a witness to them. 10 First the gospel must be preached to all nations. 11 When they arrest you and hand you over for trial, do not worry about what to speak. But say whatever is given you at that time, for it is not you speaking, but the Holy Spirit. 12 Brother will hand over brother to death, and a father his child. Children will rise against parents and have them put to death. 13 You will be hated by everyone because of my name. But the one who endures to the end will be saved. 14 “But when you see the abomination of desolation standing where it should not be” (let the reader understand), “then those in Judea must flee to the mountains.⁠ 15 The one on the roof must not come down or go inside to take anything out of his house. 16 The one in the field must not turn back to get his cloak. 17 Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing their babies in those days! 18 Pray that it may not be in winter. 19 For in those days there will be suffering unlike anything that has happened from the beginning of the creation that God created until now, or ever will happen.⁠ 20 And if the Lord had not cut short those days, no one would be saved. But because of the elect, whom he chose, he has cut them short.⁠ 21 Then if anyone says to you, ‘Look, here is the Christ!’ or ‘Look, there he is!’ do not believe him. 22 For false messiahs and false prophets will appear and perform signs and wonders to deceive, if possible, the elect. 23 Be careful! I have told you everything ahead of time. 24 “But in those days, after that suffering, the sun will be darkened and the moon will not give its light;⁠ 25 the stars will be falling from heaven, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken. 26 Then everyone will see the Son of Man arriving in the clouds with great power and glory.⁠ 27 Then he will send angels and they will gather his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of heaven.⁠ 28 “Learn this parable from the fig tree: Whenever its branch becomes tender and puts out its leaves, you know that summer is near. 29 So also you, when you see these things happening, know that he is near, right at the door. 30 I tell you the truth, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place. 31 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away. 32 “But as for that day or hour no one knows it—neither the angels in heaven, nor the Son—except the Father. 33 Watch out! Stay alert! For you do not know when the time will come. 34 It is like a man going on a journey. He left his house and put his slaves in charge, assigning to each his work, and commanded the doorkeeper to stay alert. 35 Stay alert, then, because you do not know when the owner of the house will return—whether during evening, at midnight, when the rooster crows, or at dawn— 36 or else he might find you asleep when he returns suddenly. 37 What I say to you I say to everyone: Stay alert!”

Texts in conversation

Compare Ezekiel 32:7 and Mark 13:24

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Ezekiel’s lament over Egypt describes a cosmic collapse, with the sun, moon, and stars darkened as part of divine judgment. In Mark, Jesus echoes this when describing the trouble during the end, highlighting a tradition of using cosmological language.

Passages

Ezekiel 32:7

Hebrew Bible
1 In the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, on the first of the month, the Lord’s message came to me: 2 “Son of man, sing a lament for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say to him: “‘You were like a lion among the nations, but you are a monster in the seas; you thrash about in your streams, stir up the water with your feet, and muddy your streams. 3 “‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “‘I will throw my net over you in the assembly of many peoples; and they will haul you up in my dragnet. 4 I will leave you on the ground, I will fling you on the open field, I will allow all the birds of the sky to settle on you, and I will permit all the wild animals to gorge themselves on you. 5 I will put your flesh on the mountains, and fill the valleys with your maggot-infested carcass. 6 I will drench the land with the flow of your blood up to the mountains, and the ravines will be full of your blood. 7 When I extinguish you, I will cover the sky; I will darken its stars. I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon will not shine. 8 I will darken all the lights in the sky over you, and I will darken your land, declares the Sovereign Lord.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

Mark 13:24

New Testament
24 “But in those days, after that suffering, the sun will be darkened and the moon will not give its light; 25 the stars will be falling from heaven, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken. 26 Then everyone will see the Son of Man arriving in the clouds with great power and glory. 27 Then he will send angels and they will gather his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of heaven. 28 “Learn this parable from the fig tree: Whenever its branch becomes tender and puts out its leaves, you know that summer is near. 29 So also you, when you see these things happening, know that he is near, right at the door. 30 I tell you the truth, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place. 31 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away.
60–75 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Mark

References

"... In Greco-Roman dream interpretation, a sun “dim or suffused with blood, or hideous to behold, It is inauspicious and evil for all men” (Artemidorus's Oneirocritica 2.36). The motif of the darkening or destruction of the sun when God judges the world occurs frequently (Isaiah 13:10b; Isaiah 24:23; Amos 8:9; Joel 2:31; Zephaniah 1:15 (the Day of the Lord is a day of darkness and gloom); Testament of Moses 10:5; Mark 13:24–25 = Matthew 24:29; Luke 21:25; Acts of the Apostles 2:20; 2 Peter 3:10 [the coming of the Day of the Lord will be accompanied by the destruction of the heavens and the earth]; Epistle of Barnabas 15:5). The three stichs in verses 12b, 12c, and 13 all have a similar pattern: a declarative statement of what occurred in the aorist, followed by a simile introduced with ὡς, “as, like.” The motif of darkness on the Day of Yahweh found in the prophets (Amos 8:9) is developed into the motif of the darkening or destruction of the sun, moon, and stars on the day of judgment (Isaiah 13:9–10; Ezekiel 32:7–8; Joel 2:10; Joel 3:15; Testament of Levi 4:1; Sibylline Oracles 5.477–82; Sibylline Oracles 7.125; 4 Ezra 7:39; Oracle of Hystaspes fragment 14; Lactantius's Divine Institutes 7.16.8; Epistle of Barnabas 15:5) ..."
David Aune, Word Biblical Commentary: Revelation 6-16 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2017), 202.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ezekiel 32:7 and Mark 13:24

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