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Malachi

About this book
Chapter 3

1 “Behold*, I am about to send my messenger, who will clear the way before me.⁠ Indeed, the Lord you are seeking will suddenly come to his temple, and the messenger of the covenant, whom you long for, is certainly coming,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 2 Who can endure the day of his coming? Who can keep standing when he appears? For he will be like a refiner’s fire,⁠ like a launderer’s soap. 3 He will act like a refiner and purifier of silver and will cleanse the Levites and refine them like gold and silver. Then they will offer the Lord a proper offering.⁠ 4 The offerings of Judah and Jerusalem will be pleasing to the Lord as in former times and years past. 5 “I will come to you in judgment. I will be quick to testify against those who practice divination;⁠ those who commit adultery; those who break promises; and those who exploit workers, widows, and orphans, who refuse to help the resident foreigner and in this way show they do not fear me,”⁠ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 6 “Since, I, the Lord, do not go back on my promises, you, sons of Jacob, have not perished. 7 From the days of your ancestors you have ignored my commandments and have not kept them. Return to me, and I will return to you,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ “But you say, ‘How should we return?’ 8 Can a person rob God? You are indeed robbing me, but you say, ‘How are we robbing you?’ In tithes and contributions!⁠ 9 You are bound for judgment because you are robbing me—this whole nation is guilty. 10 “Bring the entire tithe into the storehouse so that there may be food in my temple. Test me in this matter,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “to see if I will not open for you the windows of heaven⁠ and pour out blessing for you until there is no room for it all.⁠ 11 Then I will stop the plague from ruining your crops, and the vine will not lose its fruit before harvest,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 12 “All nations will call you blessed, for you indeed will live in a delightful land,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 13 “You have criticized me sharply,” says the Lord, “but you ask, ‘How have we criticized you?’ 14 You have said, ‘It is useless to serve God. How have we been helped by keeping his requirements and going about like mourners before the Lord of Heaven’s Armies? 15 So now we consider the arrogant to be blessed; indeed, those who practice evil are successful. In fact, those who challenge God escape!’” 16 Then those who respected the Lord spoke to one another, and the Lord took notice. A scroll was prepared before him in which were recorded the names of those who respected the Lord and honored his name.⁠ 17 “They will belong to me,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “in the day when I prepare my own special property.⁠ I will spare them as a man spares his son who serves him.⁠ 18 Then once more you will see that I make a distinction between the righteous and the wicked, between the one who serves God and the one who does not.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 18:10 and Malachi 3:5

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy 18 prohibits many practices such as divination, depicting them as unacceptable within Israel. Malachi echoes this by listing those who practice divination among those subject to judgment, showing continuity with earlier prohibitions.

Passages

Deuteronomy 18:10

Hebrew Bible
8 He must eat the same share they do, despite any profits he may gain from the sale of his family’s inheritance. 9 When you enter the land the Lord your God is giving you, you must not learn the abhorrent practices of those nations. 10 There must never be found among you anyone who sacrifices his son or daughter in the fire, anyone who practices divination, an omen reader, a soothsayer, a sorcerer, 11 one who casts spells, one who conjures up spirits, a practitioner of the occult, or a necromancer. 12 Whoever does these things is abhorrent to the Lord, and because of these detestable things the Lord your God is about to drive them out from before you.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Malachi 3:5

Hebrew Bible
3 He will act like a refiner and purifier of silver and will cleanse the Levites and refine them like gold and silver. Then they will offer the Lord a proper offering. 4 The offerings of Judah and Jerusalem will be pleasing to the Lord as in former times and years past. 5 “I will come to you in judgment. I will be quick to testify against those who practice divination; those who commit adultery; those who break promises; and those who exploit workers, widows, and orphans, who refuse to help the resident foreigner and in this way show they do not fear me,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 6 “Since, I, the Lord, do not go back on my promises, you, sons of Jacob, have not perished. 7 From the days of your ancestors you have ignored my commandments and have not kept them. Return to me, and I will return to you,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “But you say, ‘How should we return?’
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Malachi

References

"... Exodus 22:18 states, “Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live” and Leviticus 19:31 “Regard not them that have familiar spirits, neither seek after wizards, to be defiled by them: I am the LORD your God”. The texts, “Do not allow a sorceress to live” (Exodus 22:18) and “Do not practice divination or seek omens” (Leviticus 19:26) and especially “Do not turn to mediums or seek out spiritists, for you will be defiled by them. I am the Lord your God” (Leviticus 19:31) all demonstrate that magic was not acceptable to YHWH (Enroth, 1984). Deuteronomy 18 forbade the Israelites from engaging in human sacrifice and in eight other very specific practices which could be considered to occultic. The same is evident in Exodus 22:18; Leviticus 19:26-26; 19:31; 20:6; Deuteronomy 18:10-11; Isaiah 8:19 and Malachi 3:5. The Prophet Micah speaks about God’s ruling on those who apply magic: “I will destroy your witchcraft and you will no longer cast spells” (Micah 5:12). Leviticus 20:6 informs us of the punishment for divination, “And the soul that turneth after such as have familiar spirits, and after wizards, to go a whoring after them, I will even set my face against that soul, and will cut him off from among his people.” Deuteronomy 18:10-11 reads, “... that useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch, or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, or a necromancer.” Finally, Jeremiah 27:9 reads, “Therefore hearken not ye to your prophets, nor to your diviners, nor to your dreamers, nor to your enchanters, nor to your sorcerers, which speak unto you, saying, ye shall not serve the king of Babylon.” Each of these five Old Testament snippets has a basic thread in common – they speak out against magic and its kind. Nicolaides (2017) mentions that in the Jonah saga, redemption was only possible through the abolition of evil practices ..."
Angelique C. Nicolaides, “Considering Magical Objects and Rites in the Biblical Milieu,” Pharos Journal of Theology 101 (2020): 1–11.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 18:10 and Malachi 3:5

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