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Malachi

About this book
Chapter 2

1 “Now, you priests, this commandment is for you. 2 If you do not listen and take seriously the need to honor my name,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “I will send judgment on you and turn your blessings into curses—indeed, I have already done so because you are not taking it to heart.⁠ 3 I am about to discipline your children⁠ and will spread offal on your faces, the very offal produced at your festivals, and you will be carried away along with it. 4 Then you will know that I sent this commandment to you so that my covenant may continue to be with Levi,”⁠ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 5 “My covenant with him was designed to bring life and peace. I gave its statutes to him to fill him with awe, and he indeed revered me and stood in awe before me. 6 He taught what was true; sinful words were not found on his lips.⁠ He walked with me in peace and integrity, and he turned many people away from sin. 7 For the lips of a priest should preserve knowledge of sacred things, and people should seek instruction from him because he is the messenger of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ 8 You, however, have turned from the way. You have caused many to violate the law; you have corrupted the covenant with Levi,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 9 “Therefore, I have caused you to be ignored and belittled before all people to the extent that you are not following after me and are showing partiality in your instruction.” 10 Do we not all have one father? Did not one God create us? Why do we betray one another, thus making light of the covenant of our ancestors?⁠ 11 Judah has become disloyal, and unspeakable sins have been committed in Israel and Jerusalem. For Judah has profaned the holy things that the Lord loves and has turned to a foreign god! 12 May the Lord cut off from the community of Jacob every last person who does this, as well as the person who presents improper offerings to the Lord of Heaven’s Armies! 13 You also do this: You cover the altar of the Lord with tears as you weep and groan, because he no longer pays any attention to the offering nor accepts it favorably from you.⁠ 14 Yet you ask, “Why?” The Lord is testifying against you on behalf of the wife you married when you were young, to whom you have become unfaithful even though she is your companion and wife by law.⁠ 15 No one who has even a small portion of the Spirit in him does this.⁠ What did our ancestor do when seeking a child from God? Be attentive, then, to your own spirit, for one should not be disloyal to the wife he took in his youth.⁠ 16 “I hate divorce,”⁠ says the Lord God of Israel, “and the one who is guilty of violence,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “Pay attention to your conscience, and do not be unfaithful.” 17 You have wearied the Lord with your words. But you say, “How have we wearied him?” Because you say, “Everyone who does evil is good in the Lord’s opinion, and he delights in them,” or, “Where is the God of justice?”

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 33:10 and Malachi 2:7

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Malachi describes the priests as guardians of knowledge who preserve the Torah and teach it to the people. This builds upon Deuteronomy, where the priest Levi is established as the one teaching Israel the Torah.

Passages

Deuteronomy 33:10

Hebrew Bible
8 Of Levi he said: “Your Thummim and Urim belong to your godly one, whose authority you challenged at Massah, and with whom you argued at the waters of Meribah. 9 He said to his father and mother, ‘I have not seen him,’ and he did not acknowledge his own brothers or know his own children, for they kept your word, and guarded your covenant. 10 They will teach Jacob your ordinances and Israel your law; they will offer incense as a pleasant odor, and a whole offering on your altar. 11 Bless, O Lord, his goods, and be pleased with his efforts; undercut the legs of any who attack him, and of those who hate him, so that they cannot stand.” 12 Of Benjamin he said: “The beloved of the Lord will live safely by him; he protects him all the time, and the Lord places him on his chest.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Malachi 2:7

Hebrew Bible
5 “My covenant with him was designed to bring life and peace. I gave its statutes to him to fill him with awe, and he indeed revered me and stood in awe before me. 6 He taught what was true; sinful words were not found on his lips. He walked with me in peace and integrity, and he turned many people away from sin. 7 For the lips of a priest should preserve knowledge of sacred things, and people should seek instruction from him because he is the messenger of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 8 You, however, have turned from the way. You have caused many to violate the law; you have corrupted the covenant with Levi,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Malachi

References

"... As well as being instructional in character (compare Deuteronomy 33:10), priestly wisdom involved participation in purity, in the divine words. Hence we arrive at an explicit formulation of the idea implied by the expression in Deuteronomy, that a major function of priestly wisdom is the ability to do true judgment for all time. The development of Levi’s sapiential and even judicial role may be summarized by saying that he does not just “teach Jacob Torah”, but becomes a central sapiential figure, instructing, teaching and participating in divine wisdom. Furthermore, certain other features of the Levitical role as presented in the Aramaic Levi Document serve to expand the areas of life and teaching over which Levi and the Levites have authority. ALD obviously attributes a cultic role to Levi, yet it stresses the transmission of cultic teaching and lore from the antediluvian Book of Noah (ALD 10:10) to Abraham (ALD 10:3 and 10:10), to Isaac (ALD 5:8) and then to Levi. Thus it sets the Levitical priesthood in the sacerdotal line reaching back to Adam. It is significant for our discussion that Levitical cultic authority and teaching is anchored in prior tradition and in recognition by the patriarchs rather than in Levi’s consecration to the priesthood as such. His consecration makes him fit to receive the teaching. This strategy concentrates the antique traditions of priesthood in the Levitical line. Thus, the tendency to establish Levi as an ideal priest from the past is already to be found in Malachi 2:4–9 ..."
Jonas C. Greenfield, Michael E. Stone, and Esther Eshel, eds., The Aramaic Levi Document: Edition, Translation, Commentary, SVTP 19 (Leiden: Brill, 2004), 36.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 33:10 and Malachi 2:7

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