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Malachi

About this book
Chapter 2

1 “Now, you priests, this commandment is for you. 2 If you do not listen and take seriously the need to honor my name,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “I will send judgment on you and turn your blessings into curses—indeed, I have already done so because you are not taking it to heart.⁠ 3 I am about to discipline your children⁠ and will spread offal on your faces, the very offal produced at your festivals, and you will be carried away along with it. 4 Then you will know that I sent this commandment to you so that my covenant may continue to be with Levi,”⁠ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 5 “My covenant with him was designed to bring life and peace. I gave its statutes to him to fill him with awe, and he indeed revered me and stood in awe before me. 6 He taught what was true; sinful words were not found on his lips.⁠ He walked with me in peace and integrity, and he turned many people away from sin. 7 For the lips of a priest should preserve knowledge of sacred things, and people should seek instruction from him because he is the messenger of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ 8 You, however, have turned from the way. You have caused many to violate the law; you have corrupted the covenant with Levi,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 9 “Therefore, I have caused you to be ignored and belittled before all people to the extent that you are not following after me and are showing partiality in your instruction.” 10 Do we not all have one father? Did not one God create us? Why do we betray one another, thus making light of the covenant of our ancestors?⁠ 11 Judah has become disloyal, and unspeakable sins have been committed in Israel and Jerusalem. For Judah has profaned the holy things that the Lord loves and has turned to a foreign god! 12 May the Lord cut off from the community of Jacob every last person who does this, as well as the person who presents improper offerings to the Lord of Heaven’s Armies! 13 You also do this: You cover the altar of the Lord with tears as you weep and groan, because he no longer pays any attention to the offering nor accepts it favorably from you.⁠ 14 Yet you ask, “Why?” The Lord is testifying against you on behalf of the wife you married when you were young, to whom you have become unfaithful even though she is your companion and wife by law.⁠ 15 No one who has even a small portion of the Spirit in him does this.⁠ What did our ancestor do when seeking a child from God? Be attentive, then, to your own spirit, for one should not be disloyal to the wife he took in his youth.⁠ 16 “I hate divorce,”⁠ says the Lord God of Israel, “and the one who is guilty of violence,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “Pay attention to your conscience, and do not be unfaithful.” 17 You have wearied the Lord with your words. But you say, “How have we wearied him?” Because you say, “Everyone who does evil is good in the Lord’s opinion, and he delights in them,” or, “Where is the God of justice?”

Texts in conversation

Compare Malachi 2:6 and Jubilees 31:15

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

Malachi refers to a covenant with Levi that allows the priests to teach the Torah, then faults the priests for breaking it. Jubilees makes the same covenant an unbroken honor, having Levi’s sons declare the same covenant.

Passages

Malachi 2:6

Hebrew Bible
5 “My covenant with him was designed to bring life and peace. I gave its statutes to him to fill him with awe, and he indeed revered me and stood in awe before me. 6 He taught what was true; sinful words were not found on his lips. He walked with me in peace and integrity, and he turned many people away from sin. 7 For the lips of a priest should preserve knowledge of sacred things, and people should seek instruction from him because he is the messenger of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Malachi

Jubilees 31:15

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
14 And may the Lord give to you and to your descendants greatness and great glory, and cause you and your descendants, from among all flesh, to approach Him to serve in His sanctuary as the angels of the presence and as the holy ones. (Even) as they, the descendants of your sons shall be for glory and greatness and holiness, and may He make them great to all the ages. 15 And they shall be judges and princes, and chiefs of all the descendants of the sons of Jacob; They shall speak the word of the Lord in righteousness, And they shall judge all His judgments in righteousness. And they shall declare My ways to Jacob And My paths to Israel. The blessing of the Lord shall be given in their mouths To bless all the descendants of the beloved. 16 Your mother has called your name Levi, And justly she has called your name; You shall be joined to the Lord And be the companion of all the sons of Jacob; Let His table be yours, And may you and your sons eat of it; And may your table be full to all generations, And your food not fail to all the ages.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

... The most famous blessing in this category is the priestly benediction in Numbers 6:24-26. The image of placing the divine blessings in their mouths may be influenced by Malachi 2:7 (“people should seek instruction from his mouth”), but teaching is under consideration in that verse. A closer parallel occurs in Sirach 50:20 regarding the high priest Simon: “Then Simon came down and raised his hands over the whole congregation of the Israelites, to pronounce the blessing of the Lord with his lips.” ...
James C. VanderKam, Jubilees 2: A Commentary on the Book of Jubilees Chapters 22-50 (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2018), 857.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Malachi 2:6 and Jubilees 31:15

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