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About this book

Malachi

About this book
Chapter 2

1 “Now, you priests, this commandment is for you. 2 If you do not listen and take seriously the need to honor my name,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “I will send judgment on you and turn your blessings into curses—indeed, I have already done so because you are not taking it to heart.⁠ 3 I am about to discipline your children⁠ and will spread offal on your faces, the very offal produced at your festivals, and you will be carried away along with it. 4 Then you will know that I sent this commandment to you so that my covenant may continue to be with Levi,”⁠ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 5 “My covenant with him was designed to bring life and peace. I gave its statutes to him to fill him with awe, and he indeed revered me and stood in awe before me. 6 He taught what was true; sinful words were not found on his lips.⁠ He walked with me in peace and integrity, and he turned many people away from sin. 7 For the lips of a priest should preserve knowledge of sacred things, and people should seek instruction from him because he is the messenger of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ 8 You, however, have turned from the way. You have caused many to violate the law; you have corrupted the covenant with Levi,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 9 “Therefore, I have caused you to be ignored and belittled before all people to the extent that you are not following after me and are showing partiality in your instruction.” 10 Do we not all have one father? Did not one God create us? Why do we betray one another, thus making light of the covenant of our ancestors?⁠ 11 Judah has become disloyal, and unspeakable sins have been committed in Israel and Jerusalem. For Judah has profaned the holy things that the Lord loves and has turned to a foreign god! 12 May the Lord cut off from the community of Jacob every last person who does this, as well as the person who presents improper offerings to the Lord of Heaven’s Armies! 13 You also do this: You cover the altar of the Lord with tears as you weep and groan, because he no longer pays any attention to the offering nor accepts it favorably from you.⁠ 14 Yet you ask, “Why?” The Lord is testifying against you on behalf of the wife you married when you were young, to whom you have become unfaithful even though she is your companion and wife by law.⁠ 15 No one who has even a small portion of the Spirit in him does this.⁠ What did our ancestor do when seeking a child from God? Be attentive, then, to your own spirit, for one should not be disloyal to the wife he took in his youth.⁠ 16 “I hate divorce,”⁠ says the Lord God of Israel, “and the one who is guilty of violence,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “Pay attention to your conscience, and do not be unfaithful.” 17 You have wearied the Lord with your words. But you say, “How have we wearied him?” Because you say, “Everyone who does evil is good in the Lord’s opinion, and he delights in them,” or, “Where is the God of justice?”

Texts in conversation

Compare Zechariah 8:13 and Malachi 2:2

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Zechariah and Malachi use blessing and curse to guide behavior. Zechariah promises that people once seen as a curse will become a blessing, and Malachi warns that ignoring duties can turn blessing into curse and urges people not to risk that loss.

Passages

Zechariah 8:13

Hebrew Bible
11 But I will be different now to this remnant of my people from the way I was in those days,’ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, 12 ‘for there will be a peaceful time of sowing, the vine will produce its fruit, and the ground its yield, and the skies will rain down dew. Then I will allow the remnant of my people to possess all these things. 13 And it will come about that just as you, both Judah and Israel, were a curse to the nations, so I will save you and you will be a blessing. Do not be afraid! Instead, be strong.’ 14 “For the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says, ‘As I had planned to hurt you when your fathers made me angry,’ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, ‘and I was not sorry, 15 so, to the contrary, I have planned in these days to do good to Jerusalem and Judah—do not fear!
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

Malachi 2:2

Hebrew Bible
1 “Now, you priests, this commandment is for you. 2 If you do not listen and take seriously the need to honor my name,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “I will send judgment on you and turn your blessings into curses—indeed, I have already done so because you are not taking it to heart. 3 I am about to discipline your children and will spread offal on your faces, the very offal produced at your festivals, and you will be carried away along with it. 4 Then you will know that I sent this commandment to you so that my covenant may continue to be with Levi,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Malachi

References

"... The social control model presupposes that people follow social norms more readily if they fear curse as a means of punishment. Some of the Old Testament texts contain curses with a function of a threat in order to prevent a behavior harmful for the whole community (a ‘decalogue’ of curses in Deuteronomy 27; Zechariah 5:3; Malachi 2:2). Such curse-threats could be pronounced not only by God, but by a person in authority as, for instance, in 1 Samuel 14:24. The basic threat includes misfortune, the devastating calamity, exclusion from the community and loss of every benefit obtained by a previous blessing (Hosea 8-10). The curse will befall the people in case of neglect of the Lord’s commandment (Deuteronomy 11:28; 29:20). Britt notices that the power of curse has social and cultural dimension, because ‘it consists in the harm or threat of harm they are believed to carry. For “religious” cursing as for “secular” hate speech, the mention or threat of powerful words is often as significant as their actual use; both depend on social and cultural norms’ ..."
Irina Skulkina, “Blessing and Curse in the Old Testament: Socio-Cultural Aspects” (diss., Ukrainian Catholic University, 2013), 41–42.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Zechariah 8:13 and Malachi 2:2

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