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About this book

Malachi

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is an oracle, the Lord’s message to Israel through Malachi:⁠ 2 “I have shown love to you,” says the Lord, but you say, “How have you shown love to us?” “Esau was Jacob’s brother,” the Lord explains, “yet I chose Jacob⁠ 3 and rejected Esau. I turned Esau’s mountains into a deserted wasteland and gave his territory to the wild jackals.”⁠ 4 Edom says, “Though we are devastated, we will once again build the ruined places.” So the Lord of Heaven’s Armies responds, “They indeed may build, but I will overthrow. They will be known as the land of evil, the people with whom the Lord is permanently displeased. 5 Your eyes will see it, and then you will say, ‘May the Lord be magnified even beyond the border of Israel!’” 6 “A son naturally honors his father and a slave respects his master. If I am your father, where is my honor?⁠ If I am your master, where is my respect?⁠ The Lord of Heaven’s Armies asks you this, you priests who make light of my name! But you reply, ‘How have we made light of your name?’⁠ 7 You are offering improper sacrifices on my altar, yet you ask, ‘How have we offended you?’ By treating the table of the Lord as if it is of no importance. 8 For when you offer blind animals as a sacrifice, is that not wrong? And when you offer the lame and sick, is that not wrong as well? Indeed, try offering them to your governor! Will he be pleased with you or show you favor?” asks the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ 9 “But now plead for God’s favor that he might be gracious to us.” “With this kind of offering in your hands, how can he be pleased with you?” asks the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 10 “I wish that one of you would close the temple doors, so that you no longer would light useless fires on my altar. I am not pleased with you,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “and I will no longer accept an offering from you. 11 For from the east to the west my name will be great among the nations.⁠ Incense and pure offerings will be offered in my name everywhere, for my name will be great among the nations,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ 12 “But you are profaning it by saying that the table of the Lord is common and its offerings despicable. 13 You also say, ‘How tiresome it is.’ You turn up your nose at it,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies,⁠ “and instead bring what is stolen, lame, or sick. You bring these things for an offering! Should I accept this from you?” asks the Lord. 14 “There will be harsh condemnation for the hypocrite who has a valuable male animal in his flock but vows and sacrifices something inferior to the Lord. For I am a great king,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “and my name is awesome among the nations.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 20:12 and Malachi 1:6

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Exodus commands children to honor their parents, connecting family respect to long life in the land. Malachi uses the same language of honor and applies it to God, arguing that if parents and masters receive respect, God deserves even more.

Passages

Exodus 20:12

Hebrew Bible
10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God; on it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, or your male servant, or your female servant, or your cattle, or the resident foreigner who is in your gates. 11 For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth and the sea and all that is in them, and he rested on the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and set it apart as holy. 12 “Honor your father and your mother, that you may live a long time in the land the Lord your God is giving to you. 13 “You shall not murder. 14 “You shall not commit adultery.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Malachi 1:6

Hebrew Bible
4 Edom says, “Though we are devastated, we will once again build the ruined places.” So the Lord of Heaven’s Armies responds, “They indeed may build, but I will overthrow. They will be known as the land of evil, the people with whom the Lord is permanently displeased. 5 Your eyes will see it, and then you will say, ‘May the Lord be magnified even beyond the border of Israel!’” 6 “A son naturally honors his father and a slave respects his master. If I am your father, where is my honor? If I am your master, where is my respect? The Lord of Heaven’s Armies asks you this, you priests who make light of my name! But you reply, ‘How have we made light of your name?’ 7 You are offering improper sacrifices on my altar, yet you ask, ‘How have we offended you?’ By treating the table of the Lord as if it is of no importance. 8 For when you offer blind animals as a sacrifice, is that not wrong? And when you offer the lame and sick, is that not wrong as well? Indeed, try offering them to your governor! Will he be pleased with you or show you favor?” asks the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Malachi

References

"... There is an expectation that a person who does great deeds, one who has a worthy character or is in a high position, rightfully deserves to be treated accordingly whether in word or deed. Thus, they are called to “honor” or “fear” their superiors. In Isaiah 24:15, the coastlands are called to give glory to YHWH (i.e., praise him) for his majesty. With regard to position, in Exodus 20:12 and Deuteronomy 5:16 children are instructed to “honor your father and mother” (compare Leviticus 19:3 “revere”) Likewise, as Weinfeld notes, honoring one’s father and mother goes beyond reverence and even extends to physical care. The opposite of honoring one’s parents would be too treat them contemptibly, disrespectfully or as unimportant (Leviticus 20:9). Similarly, people in other positions deserved to be treated with esteem by those of lower status. Complaining about how Israel offers inferior gifts to him, YHWH complains in Malachi 1:6: “A son honors his father, a slave his master. But if I am a father, where is my honor? If I am a master, where is my fear,’” says YHWH of Hosts to you, ‘O priests who despises my name.’” YHWH continues in verse 14, “... I am a great King, and my name is reverenced among the nations.” YHWH’s of Host’s complaint is that the honor due him is great, and he is given much worse than would be acceptable to a less deserving human ..."
James Nicholas Jumper, Honor and Shame in the Deuteronomic Covenant and the Deuteronomistic Presentation of the Davidic Covenant (Harvard University, 2013), 59–60.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 20:12 and Malachi 1:6

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